Crime Victimization: Assessing Differences Between Violent and Nonviolent Experiences

Experiencing a criminal victimization is among one of the most stressful human experiences. A cross-sectional study of victims of violent crime and victims of nonviolent crime suggests that there are statistically significant differences in experiences in the initial aftermath of the crime event and a few common effects. This article describes the common effects that are associated with criminal victimization in the context of intense distress and discusses the theoretical implications of well-being in the coping process. One hundred seventy-five victims of violent or nonviolent crime were interviewed. Implications for social work practice and theory and future research are delineated.     

掀开法律的男权主义面纱——对中国当代性犯罪立法的文化解读与批判

我国当代的性犯罪立法中还残留着许多男权主义的印记,具体表现为:受男主女从的文化影响,把强奸罪的实行主体限定为男子,受害人限定为女子;受生殖文化的影响,将强奸中性交的概念定义为男女生殖器的媾合;由于将强奸视为对男人权利的侵犯,因而对其引起的纠纷由国家垄断处理权.现行立法与社会现实存在着一定的矛盾,因此,立足中国现实,借鉴西方经验,改革我国现行的性犯罪立法是当务之急.     

贪污罪量刑基准体系的构建及回归分析

根据刑法规定,通过贪污罪的犯罪结果与处刑数量之间的线性关系,把定量分析方法应用于贪污罪的处刑实践,并依此建立了贪污罪的量刑基准体系,以准确确定被告人应当承担刑事责任的数量,以减少司法实践中法官个体之间对贪污罪行为处刑的差异。     

经济犯罪侦查体制亟待改革

由于经济犯罪的复杂性和侦查工作的易受干扰性 ,使得现有的经济犯罪侦查工作体制受到挑战。“关系网”、“保护伞”的存在 ,使经济犯罪侦查工作面临重重障碍 ;地方保护主义的泛滥 ,使经济犯罪侦查工作的协作配合显得步履维艰 ;利益驱动 ,使经济犯罪的暗数急剧上升 ;打击不力 ,致使经济领域的违法犯罪活动更加猖狂 ;加入WTO后 ,经济全球化 ,变“条块管理 ,以块为主”为“唯条管理”势所必然     

Schools and the prevention of petty crime: Search for a missing link

Earlier research on the relation between school features and petty crime suggests that schools can intentionally influence the crime rate of the pupils. These findings were the starting point for a Dutch study at secondary schools of the same type in Dutch towns. The study focused on effects on the delinquency of third-year low-stream pupils (aged 15–17). For the study a control theory was formulated, a conditional control theory, which, in contrast to Hirschi's social control theory, recognizes possible delinquent influences of the pupils' network. In the study a strong statistical relation between integration of pupils in school and petty crime was found. However, I found almost no influence of the studied school features on integration and petty crime. These results led to the question whether the real important feature of schools had been neglected in the study. This seems not to be the case. A multilevel analysis shows that it is unlikely that there is major impact of schools on the integration of pupils, on delinquency, or on the relationship between integration and delinquency. This can be the result of special aspects of the Dutch school system and of the neglect of theory in earlier research.     

Gender and Disorder Specific Criminal Career Profiles in Former Adolescent Psychiatric In-Patients

A Norwegian nation-wide sample of 1087 former adolescent psychiatric in-patients, 584 males and 503 females, were followed up 15–33 years after first hospitalization. On the basis of detailed hospital records from index hospitalization all were rediagnosed according to DSM-IV. The patient list was linked to the national criminal register and the diagnostic groups were compared as to gender-specific frequency of registered criminality. Next, the criminal career characteristics were compared in those with criminal records at follow-up, relative to mental disorder at index hospitalization. The prevalence of registered criminality, both overall and for specific types of crimes, differed significantly between diagnostic groups and between genders. In both genders criminal convictions were most frequent in disruptive behavior disorders and personality disorders. Among males, the lowest violent crime rate was observed in those with psychotic disorders. Males had more severe criminal careers than females, both quantitatively and qualitatively. The diagnoses and criminal profiles of the 10 most active criminals in the study sample were described closer, as were the 11 individuals found guilty of homicide.     

知识产权犯罪人实证研究

知识产权犯罪人是指实施了侵犯他人知识产权的违法犯罪行为 ,应当被采取预防和矫治措施的人 ,既包括自然人 ,也包括单位。知识产权犯罪人与知识产权被害人之间具有互动关系。知识产权权利人应有针对性地防范知识产权犯罪。     

巨额财产来源不明罪量刑畸轻的危害

巨额财产来源不明罪的设立 ,对打击犯罪曾经起过积极作用。但随着经济的发展和时间的推移 ,腐败分子巨额财产来源不明的现象却屡禁不止、愈演愈烈 ,重要原因之一是由于刑法规定的该罪的量刑幅度畸轻。这不仅违背了罪刑相适应的原则 ,放纵了犯罪 ,而且为执法者徇私枉法开了方便之门。建议立法机构比照贪污、受贿罪的量刑进行修改 ,提高法定刑、增加量刑档次。     

对不健康文献对未成年入犯罪诱导情况的调查

不健康文献对未成年人犯罪的影响大部分表现为间接影响。未成年人接触不健康文献的年龄段集中在 12周岁～ 16周岁 ;他们喜欢接触描写凶杀、暴力、色情等内容的不健康文献 ;所接触的不健康文献既有合法的 ,又有非法的 ;主要通过影院、录像厅等场所接触视听型不健康文献 ;他们接触不健康文献后有强烈的模仿愿望 ;加之管理者对其管理不力 ,致使其走上违法犯罪道路。     

非法拘禁罪及其立法之质疑

非法拘禁罪是严重侵害公民人身权利的犯罪 ,对其构成要件的分析有助于对非法拘禁罪的认定。非法拘禁罪的立法本身存在一定的缺陷 ,这是需要解决的问题 ,非法拘禁罪的刑事立法应予完善。