An unusual case of identification by DNA analysis of siblings

A badly decomposed body required identification by means of DNA analysis. A brother and sister of the deceased were available as reference subjects. Although investigation of Y-chromosomal markers established an exclusion condition, autosomal markers suggested a positive identification. In order to increase the reliability of the tests, X-chromosomal markers were also investigated. This analysis showed the body to have an XXY genotype (Klinefelter's syndrome). A number of hypotheses were assessed using biostatistical methods, ultimately resulting in a definite identification. The special aspect of Klinefelter's syndrome proved highly useful for biostatistical analysis.     

STRtyper-10G系统9个STR基因座突变分析

目的观察和分析STRtyper-10G系统9个STR基因座的突变特点。方法在7 707例肯定亲子关系的案件中,统计使用STRtyper-10G试剂盒（9个STR基因座）检测发现的突变事件,判断突变等位基因的来源,计算各基因座的突变率,分析突变特点。结果在9个基因座上共发现118个突变事件,均为1步突变;平均突变率为1.69×10-3（95%CI 1.40×10-3~2.03×10-3）,各基因座的突变率介于0.78×10-3~2.84×10-3,父、母来源突变比例为9.64∶1;短、中、长等位基因的突变比值约为1∶8∶3,增加和减少重复单位的突变比值为1.29∶1。结论 9个基因座的突变率存在显著差异,实际检案时应结合各基因座的突变率进行PI值计算更为科学。     

论非讼法理在诉讼程序中适用的限度

诉讼事件的对立性、裁量性、公益性、迅速性、展望性等均可作为诉讼程序中适用非讼法理所考虑的标准.非讼法理在诉讼程序中适用的个别化、具体适用标准的流动化,实际上就承认了民事诉讼中程序保障的个别化和多样化.当事人的听审请求权保障就是非讼法理在诉讼程序中适用的限度.     

苏州7例杀婴案法医学分析

目的探讨和总结杀婴案的主要特征、法医学检验重点和命案现场分析要点。方法收集2008—2013年苏州市发生的7例已破杀婴案的有关资料。分析并归纳其特点。结果杀婴案嫌疑人均为受害人母亲,年龄较轻,多为未婚先孕;均为分娩后杀婴,分娩现场与杀人现场为同一地点;死亡新生儿多为机械性窒息,尸体多无衣着包裹,脐带非医源性离断,胎盘未与死亡新生儿连接。结论杀婴案法医学检验的规范化、标准化和程序化有助于案件的分析和侦破工作。     

法律论证中的权威与正确性——兼论我国指导性案例的效力

法律论证既需要运用权威理由,也需要运用实质理由来证立法律命题。法律渊源是最重要的权威理由,它通过说明法律命题之来源的方式来证明后者的初步有效性。制定法与先例构成了法律论证之权威性框架的主要部分,制定法属于规范权威,而先例属于事实权威,它们在司法裁判中一般只需被指明。同时,法律论证的正确性宣称决定了法律论证也必须运用有效的实质理由,即对法律命题内容的正确性进行证立。这种论证既可以是法律体系内的论证,也可以是超越体系的论证。法律论证旨在于平衡权威与正确性,其中权威论证具有初步的优先性但并非不可推翻,权威性的强度与相关正确性论证的负担成正比。以此来分析,我国的指导性案例介于规范权威与事实权威之间,它的效力是一种"准制度拘束力"。     

VNTR D17530位点多态性在亲子鉴定中的应用

运用微量热启动PCR技术,对20例正常家系的遗传学分析,证实D17530位点的遗传符合孟德尔遗传规律,表现为简单的共显性遗传。同时,对100例亲子鉴定案例进行回顾性分析研究,证明D17S30位．在多态性可应用于我国法医学亲子鉴定。根据D17S30位点基因频率估算的排除概率（74．04％）与其实际排除能力（80．00％）无显著差异。在15倒排除亲子关系的案例中,有2例由D17S30位点单独取得排除证据。D17S30位点是法医学上有重要意义的遗传学标记,可用于亲子鉴定。     

Automated detection of regions of interest in cartridge case images using deep learning

This paper explores a deep-learning approach to evaluate the position of circular delimiters in cartridge case images. These delimiters define two regions of interest (ROI), corresponding to the breech face and the firing pin impressions, and are placed manually or by an image-processing algorithm. This positioning bears a significant impact on the performance of the image-matching algorithms for firearm identification, and an automated evaluation method would be beneficial to any computerized system. Our contribution consists in optimizing and training U-Net segmentation models from digital images of cartridge cases, intending to locate ROIs automatically. For the experiments, we used high-resolution 2D images from 1195 samples of cartridge cases fired by different 9MM firearms. Our results show that the segmentation models, trained on augmented data sets, exhibit a performance of 95.6% IoU (Intersection over Union) and 99.3% DC (Dice Coefficient) with a loss of 0.014 for the breech face images; and a performance of 95.9% IoU and 99.5% DC with a loss of 0.011 for the firing pin images. We observed that the natural shapes of predicted circles reduce the performance of segmentation models compared with perfect circles on ground truth masks suggesting that our method provide a more accurate segmentation of the real ROI shape. In practice, we believe that these results could be useful for firearms identification. In future work, the predictions may be used to evaluate the quality of delimiters on specimens in a database, or they could determine the region of interest on a cartridge case image.     

网络治理理论视角下我国社会泄愤类极端事件的治理对策--以公交车纵火案为例

随着社会转型的深化,社会泄愤类极端事件在我国不断发生。社会泄愤类极端事件的产生既有制度不完善、机制不健全、法治弱化、道德下滑等规则缺陷的原因,也有涉案者在心理方面的个人原因。社会泄愤类极端事件的发生造成严重社会危害,必须高度重视。为了更好地治理这类社会问题,政府、企业和社会等多元主体要协同建立治理网络,重建良好的信任基础和沟通协调机制,重建民主、法治、道德等规则,更好地维护社会公平正义,降低社会伤害事件的频次及危害。     

应用丽蝇蛹壳脂类推断死亡时间的基础研究

目的探讨丽蝇科大头金蝇蛹壳风化过程中脂质降解特征对死亡时间推断的应用价值。方法收集饲养的大头金蝇蛹壳,置于户外5d、10d后收回,-20℃保存,对照组清洗后直接冻存。样本行显微傅里叶变换红外光谱(micro-FTIR)检测,预处理后读取峰位、峰高,应用SPSS 19.0进行统计学分析。结果与对照组相比,5d和10d组脂质VasCH_3峰位变化无统计学意义,VasCH_2峰位蓝移,VsCH_2吸收峰消失,仅10d组VsCH_3峰位红移,除5d组VsCH_3外,各吸收峰强度均降低;与5d组相比,10d组所有吸收峰强度均降低,VsCH_3峰位红移,其余各吸收峰的峰位变化均无统计学意义。结论应用micro-FTIR技术检测大头金蝇蛹壳风化过程中脂质的降解特征为法医学死亡时间推断提供新思路,具有一定的应用潜力。     

母血浆中胎儿游离核酸与无创性产前亲子鉴定

近年来,涉及胎儿亲权鉴定的案例逐渐增多。传统胎儿产前亲权鉴定常需有创性取样,故存在一定的风险。母血浆中胎儿游离核酸的发现,给无创性产前亲权鉴定带来了新的契机。本文主要就母血浆中胎儿游离核酸及其在无创性产前亲权鉴定中的应用价值和前景进行简要介绍。