论恢复原状独立性之否定——兼及我国民事责任体系之重构

恢复原状的各项具体功能在民法中可由绝对权请求权、不当得到返还和损害赔偿请求权共同承载,将恢复原状作为一种独立的民事责任承担方式的主张不能成立。民事责任归属于债的范畴,并以强制执行力为根本,区别于绝对权请求权;损害赔偿应成为民事责任体系的惟一方式,相应地,我国未来民法典只能保留恢复原状作为制度机能而不是手段来指导整个民事救济体系。     

论民法典法定离婚理由的设计及残疾人权益保护

正在制定的我国《民法典·婚姻家庭编》(草案)第856条是整个离婚制度的核心。其立法主张和立法技术彰显了整个离婚制度的价值追求和逻辑体系。但是,从整个制度设计上看,其也存在利益失衡和逻辑失范之处。其概括条款"其他导致夫妻感情破裂的情形"缺乏对"重大"和"有责配偶请求权"的限制,整个离婚理由缺乏"苛刻条款"等平衡弱势配偶权益的制度设计。上述缺陷对残疾人离婚权益保护具有负面影响,借助对残疾人离婚案件实证分析所得出的数据,参考世界最新立法例和国际社会最新相关成果,增设"重大情形""残疾人配偶提出离婚需设限制性条件""苛刻条款"以及限缩"第830条重大疾病范围"等立法建议,将对《民法典·婚姻家庭编》(草案)离婚制度构建中残疾人婚姻权益保障有所裨益。     

Random votes under compulsory voting: Evidence from Brazil

Compulsory voting is known for boosting electoral turnout, even when sanctions for abstaining are small or loosely enforced. Much less is known, however, about the consequences of compulsory voting on vote choice, and, in particular, about the quality of electoral decisions. In this paper, we explore the extent to which voters meaningfully engage in the electoral process or simply vote randomly because voting is required by law. We conducted a large online survey in Brazil during the 2018 national elections to assess if voters engage in random voting. We evaluate random voting for low-profile, low-information elected offices (state and federal legislators) and others that receive greater media coverage (governor and president) and evaluate the determinants of random voting for each of them. We find that: 1) random voting does not appear to be affected by social desirability bias; 2) there is substantial random voting under compulsory voting; 3) more voters tend to engage in random voting in low-profile, low-information elections, as compared to elections that receive greater media coverage; and, 4) interest in politics, education, and disposition to vote if voting were to be voluntary reduce random voting. Our findings carry important implications for the study of citizen participation and civic competence under compulsory voting and for democratic representation, more broadly.     

人格权禁令程序研究

人格权禁令的请求权基础并非诉权,而是实体法上的人格权请求权,是人格权防御性的外化形式.人格权请求权的绝对性决定了人格权禁令具有独立性,不以当事人提起诉讼或仲裁为维持效力的条件,一旦发布便持续具有实体法上的约束力.因此人格权禁令不是民事诉讼上的行为保全,不属于诉前禁令性质.为实现人格权禁令及时制止妨害行为,让人格权回复圆...     

论登记请求权

登记请求权是登记权利人享有的请求登记义务人协助完成不动产登记的权利。在共同申请登记的场合,登记的双方当事人互为登记权利人和登记义务人。登记请求权主要有变更登记请求权、更正登记请求权和预告登记请求权三种类型。登记请求权和物权变动关系密切,物权变动的立法模式不同,不同类型的登记请求权的性质也不同。登记请求权属于实体法上的权利,我国的民事立法应当规定登记请求权制度。     

法院不应直接受理未经索赔的“保险给付之诉”——兼议保险索赔前置程序之构建

保险事故发生后,投保人、被保险人、受益人的保险给付请求没有经过理赔无从确定。当事人未经先行向保险人提起索赔而径直提起的诉讼因而不符合给付之诉的要件,不是真正意义上的保险给付之诉。应当认识到理赔程序在确定保险给付之债上的重要意义,依据索赔——理赔的保险运作模式,由当事人先向保险人提出索赔从而展开理赔程序确定具体的保险给付义务。我国应规定保险索赔前置程序,明确在保险事故发生后,投保人、被保险人或受益人必须先向保险人索赔（理赔申请）,只有当索赔不获满足或有其他争议时才能提起诉讼。     

论物权请求权的性质——以物权请求权与罗马法诉权之关系变迁为视角

物权请求权发轫于罗马法的诉权,以对物之诉和对人之诉存在于罗马法.尽管物权请求权承继罗马诉权的程序功能,且得诉权之行使方可实现,但是物权请求权非因之而附着于诉权,而是独立于诉权,发展为横跨实体权利与诉讼程序之间的桥梁,为物权的顺利实现提供服务和保障.但物权请求权不附属于物权,也非物权的效力所致,它是异于物权的.在物权存续期间,于一物的同一类型的物权请求权因同质的侵害行为会反复出现,但基于物权请求权的相对性和相对人的变化,此时的物权请求权与彼时的物权请求权并非同质,物权请求权是一种相对独立于物权的请求权.正是基于物权请求权的此等属性,物权请求权才可能成为诉讼时效的客体.     

Reassessing the power of regional security providers: the case of Algeria and Morocco

Abstract

The concept of power and the ways to measure it are central to the literature on regional security providers. The predominant model has power rooted in material capabilities. This article recognizes that such capabilities are important but contends that for a state to be become a regional security provider, it must meet certain preconditions, foremost amongst them: possession of necessary material and ideational capacity; judicious employment of such power resources; and regional recognition of its leadership. Obvious as it may sound, effective leadership is also heavily contingent upon the domestic performance of regional powers. In this regard, the choice of Algeria and Morocco provides an interesting comparative case to broaden the traditional determinants of how to categorize regional security providers. Surprisingly, Morocco has been neglected in studies on regional security in the Maghreb and Sahel despite its rising ideational and economic influence in the region. Even Algeria has seen few studies use an integral approach to analyze its roles, orientations and performance as a regional security provider.     

论限售股司法拍卖的法律效果——以“公开承诺承继”为视角

资本市场不少股东在取得限售股份的同时作出公开承诺,如期限锁定承诺、业绩保障承诺、不占用资金承诺等。在限售股被质押融资的情况下,一旦债务逾期可能会被法院强制执行,强制执行后新取得股东是否需要承继这些公开承诺所附的权利负担,现行法律与监管规则不一致,各证券交易所的监管规则也有差异,导致实践中呈现"混乱"局面。从公开承诺的性质以及现行法律关于法院强制执行的权利负担承继原则来看,强制执行后公开承诺义务不应被新股东承继,但可能会造成法院强制执行成为原股东逃废债务的渠道,进而损害上市公司及其他投资者的合法权益,不利于建立健康的证券市场秩序环境。参考"买卖不破租赁"等案例,将公开承诺义务物权化,赋予其追溯效力,可能是解决这一问题的有效方案。     

环境民事公益诉讼法律适用困境及其破解

环境民事公益诉讼在司法实践中已得到大量运用,但其存在以下法律适用上的问题:第一,在对具体个案是环境民事公益诉讼还是其他私益诉讼的性质判断上,现有裁判存在显著差异。第二,在环境民事公益诉讼与类似案件的审理中,不同案件裁判者在程序选择与裁判结果上也呈现各异的走向。原因在于该诉的法律适用中存在"公共利益"等现有民事法律体系难以评价的规范性构成要件。究其根源,是该诉的独立请求权基础尚未得到明确。因此裁判者在审案时通过"借用"环境侵权之诉等类似诉讼请求权基础进行涵摄时,其法律适用过程就容易产生混同。明确环境民事公益诉讼请求权并精细该诉的法律规则,有助于环境民事公益诉讼程序的公正运行与裁判结果的日趋统一。