探索与前进:论小额速裁程序的构建

从我国近二十年来社会发展的状况和司法实践的需求来看,"普通———简易"的一审诉讼程序类型已经越来越凸显其粗陋之处。近年来,急速膨胀的司法需求迫使人民法院纷纷展开简化诉讼程序、提高司法效率的探索,小额速裁的探索便是其中一种。小额速裁的本质要求是在兼顾公平正义的基础上进一步提高诉讼效率,因此小额速裁的设计必须把握公正与效率之间的平衡。     

论诉讼时效的适用范围

在任何一种时效的立法模式中,权利人的败诉(无胜诉权)都是必然现象。所谓胜诉权消灭仅为时效完成时发生的程序上的效果而非时效的目的,故诉讼时效的客体不应是胜诉权而是因时效届满受到影响的某种实体权利。在各种请求权中,除物权请求权不适用诉讼时效之外,人格权上请求权、身份权上请求权以及知识产权上请求权中,凡以财产给付为内容的债权请求权,当然适用诉讼时效,凡不以财产给付为内容的请求权,则原则上不适用诉讼时效,而形成权等程序性权利以及继承权等资格性权利均不得适用诉讼时效。故如果将消除影响、恢复名誉、赔礼道歉三种请求权视为债权,则诉讼时效的适用范围仅为债权。     

精神障碍患者非自愿收治程序设计的若干法律问题研究(上)刘瑞爽

对于精神障碍患者的非自愿收治,应注意保障患者的人身权利,尤其是合理程序保障的权利。比较分析国际上的各国立法,在收治程序各个环节上,均须体现出对人权的保护,其主要问题有：制定强制收治的标准、送治主体、收治主体、初步裁定的步骤和时限、对初步裁定的救济、法律代表人制度、司法审查的介入（或独立第三方的介入）、危险的证明、避免无限期拘留而进行的后续定期审查、患者方获取信息的权利保障、上诉等。我国应坚持程序正义原则,借鉴国际上先进立法经验,弥补我国精神障碍患者非自愿收治程序设计的立法漏洞。     

浅析国家精神损害赔偿的求偿权主体

2010年,国家赔偿法首次将精神损害赔偿纳入赔偿范围,体现了我国法律在民主、法治和人权上的一大进步。但国家精神损害赔偿制度对于求偿权的主体保障范围过于狭窄,死者、间接受害人、胎儿和法人都未纳入主体范畴。     

The Struggle for Recognition of the Indigenous Voice: Amerindians in Guyanese Politics

Abstract

In Guyana’s racialised geography, Amerindians live in scattered villages in the vast hinterland that covers 90% of the country. Amerindian iconography is appropriated in state-making, even while Amerindians themselves are consigned to a patron–client relationship with the dominant ‘coastlander’ society. In the late 1950s, Amerindians made up only 4% of the national population but voted as a bloc in the national elections of 1957, 1961 and 1964, rallying around Stephen Campbell, the first Amerindian member of the legislature. Their unified position allowed their political leaders to negotiate a commitment to the settlement of Amerindian land claims as a condition of Independence in 1966. After losing its parliamentary majority in 2011, the coastlander-based party in power has been working to disrupt cohesion among Amerindian community leaders. The government uses a variety of funds to reward community leaders who will sign pre-prepared resolutions at the statutory National Toshaos Council meetings, and denies funds to leaders and communities that protest at government neglect and mismanagement of the traditional areas claimed by the indigenous peoples.     

一起行政处罚案申请法院强制执行引发的思考

在一起行政处罚案中,当事人不履行处罚决定,卫生行政部门对其进行加处罚款,申请法院强制执行。笔者通过查阅文献和结合案件实际,探讨加处罚款的程序、申请法院强制执行和卫生部门行政强制实施的主体等相关问题,并提出相关建议。     

国际私法中“直接适用的法”的概念

"直接适用的法"是国际私法的重要范畴.但是,我们对其研究并不够,仍然有许多问题需要弄清楚.本文拟通过对"直接适用的法"理论产生和实践运作的探讨和分析,结论其特点、界定其概念.     

Institutions and the Growth of Knowledge: Evidence from International Environmental Regimes

This article argues that institutions not only reflect ideas prevalent at the time of their creation, but also play vital roles in driving the growth and dissemination of knowledge. Because institutions are not actors in their own right, however, it is essential to identify the mechanisms through which they influence the behavior of those who are producers and consumers of knowledge. The central section of the article explores three distinct mechanisms or families of mechanisms that come into play in this context:(1) framing the research agenda, (2) privileging certain types of knowledge claims, and (3) guiding the application of knowledge to specific policy concerns. The article's concluding section examines the policy implications flowing from the proposition that institutions play significant roles in creating knowledge regarding the issues they address. Throughout, observations relating to international environmental or resources regimes provide a source of illustrations.     

论税收优先权与无担保债权的竞合

税收债权与无担保债权竞合时,基于税收债权的公益性质,以及其保障现代国家正常运作的作用,赋予其优先权有着必要.税收债权以优先无担保债权为原则,但不能以"公益"之名义,肆意侵犯无担保债权人,尤其是处于弱势地位的劳动者的利益.将体现保障劳动者利益的,出于人道主义考虑的无担保债权置于税收债权之前受偿是例外.税收优先权的立法规定既适用于破产案件,也可适于非破产情形.     

试述公示催告的几个问题

我国在《票据法》、《民事诉讼法》以及相关金融法中对公示催告作出了规定。但是,与发达国家有关公示催告的法律规定相比,仍然有许多不完善和欠缺之处,且规定太过粗糙,不能适应迅猛发展的银行业务。随着我国经济的不断发展,在加入WTO后,如何建立完善的公示催告制度,与世界接轨是当务之急。本文拟通过对公示催告程序、期间以及除权判决的分析与研究,提出完善公示催告制度的一点浅见。