SA8000认证及相关费用

SA8000标准推行以来,中国已获得认证的企业多数是应进口商要求认 证的,导致SA8000标准认证推行困难的原因较多,但其中一个不容忽视的原因是认 证费及相关费用过高,特别是相关费用过高,使得企业无力承担,因而大多中小企业 不愿主动认证。     

我国未成年人附条件不起诉的实践适用研究

就我国的青少年犯罪而言,未成年人犯罪率越来越高。由于未成年人具有自己独特的生理特点和心理特质,未成年人犯罪在刑事诉讼程序的构建上也应区别对待,突出对未成年人的保护和帮教。附条件不起诉规定在刑事诉讼法未成年人特殊程序中,体现了国家对未成年人的关心,同时扩大了检察机关审查起诉环节的自由裁量权。检察机关在依法办案的同时应当寻求特殊审查起诉方式,积极探索新的方法处理未成年人犯罪案件,建立完善未成年人专属刑事诉讼程序。随着未成年人附条件不起诉的实践应用,法律实务界普遍认为,未成年人附条件不起诉制度具有良好的社会效果。     

英国律师按条件收费对我国律师风险代理制度的启示

按条件收费是英国借鉴美国律师采用的按判决金额收费方式而实施的一种将律师收费与其所代理案件结果相联系的收费方式.这样的收费方式,增大了普通民众接近司法的机会,提高了其接受高质量法律服务的可能性,对促进社会弱势群体的利益保护有着积极的意义.借鉴其成功的经验,将有助于推动我国律师风险代理制度的完善.     

Calculating likelihood ratios for a mixed DNA profile when a contribution from a genetic relative of a suspect is proposed

This technical note describes a practical method for evaluating evidence in the case of a two person conditioned DNA mixture where the defence proposition is that the unknown contributor is genetically related to the suspect. A conditioned mixture is one where the presence of DNA from one of two individuals is accepted by both prosecution and defence. A typical example would be a vaginal swab in an alleged rape case, where the presence of the complainant's DNA would be expected and samples have been taken from the complainant and a suspect. Much has been written about the interpretation of such mixtures and the calculation of the conditional genotype probabilities that must be carried out. In general, such treatments assume that the unknown contributor, under the defence proposition, is unrelated to the known individuals. In this paper, we consider the case where the defence proposition is that the unknown contributor is genetically related to the suspect. We describe a method, incorporating a flow chart and reference tables that facilitate manual calculations of the likelihood ratio for several postulated genetic relationships.     

2010年《联合国国际贸易法委员会仲裁规则》评析

最新修订的《联合国国际贸易法委员会仲裁规则》于2010年8月15日生效。此次修订紧密结合《联合国国际贸易法委员会国际商事仲裁示范法》和现代国际仲裁实践,涉及的事项比较广泛,如简化了仲裁协议的形式要件、明确了仲裁中的通知形式和多方当事人下的仲裁庭组庭方式、确立了仲裁的目标、扩大了仲裁第三人加入仲裁庭、完善了仲裁庭采取临时措施的权力范围、进行短员仲裁庭的权力,规定了仲裁机构及仲裁院的免责、加强了对开庭方式、仲裁费用的控制、设置了仲裁保密性的突破例外等等。     

后税费时代我国乡镇政府的职能研究——基于多元公共行政观的视角

目前,国内学者多用新公共管理运动中的企业家政府理论和新公共服务理论作为政府再造以及职能设置的理论依托,但是这二者又存在一定的抵触。针对我国后税费时代乡镇政府职能设置的现状,从多元公共行政观的视角出发,从政治、管理和法律这三个领域来重塑乡镇政府职能,目的是把我国的乡镇政府打造为兼具"小而能"特征的有效政府。     

社会抚养费法律性质考察——从若干相关行政、司法实践而展开

社会抚养费制度作为计划生育政策推行和保障的一项重要措施,其法律性质为何依然争议不断。通过分析近年来有关社会抚养费的司法判决可以发现,实践中仍然有不少行政部门和司法部门将征收社会抚养费作为一种行政处罚对待。从社会抚养费的规范依据和理论基础来看,将社会抚养费当成一种行政处罚均难以成立。社会抚养费应当属于超生对社会所造成负担的一种经济补偿。对社会抚养费征收的对象、标准、程序和对权利限制的制度都有待重新评估。     

担保融资中“应收账款”之解读

2010年6月,中国人民银行征信中心＂《物权法》应收账款质押部分司法解释的建议稿＂对应收账款进行了新的定义。实际上该定义在立法过程中一直就存在着争议,《物权法》将其写入法律后,《应收账款质押登记办法》对其进行了界定,然而争议并没有因此而消失。如何理解融资担保中应收账款的概念,对于我们采取权利质押方式设定担保并进行融资意义重大。本文旨在对应收账款的概念进行解读和分析,在此基础上提出法律建议。     

Economic Consequences of Transfer Fee Regulations in European Football

We discuss the effects of three different transfer fee systems in European football on contract lengths, wages, profits, education incentives and the number of talents being educated. The different regimes, being used until the Bosman judgement of 1995, currently in use, and recently proposed by the European Commission differ with respect to the transfer fee an initial club must accept in case of a transfer depending on whether a player has a valid contract or not. In particular, we argue that due to its averse effects on investment incentives, the Commission should refrain from its Suggestion of abolishing freely negotiable transfer fees. Our analysis also sheds some light on the issue under which circumstances binding long-term contracts should be allowed in general labor law.     

被动的行政公开--农村基层政府税费征收公开的尴尬

本文通过实地调查和访谈,对乡镇基层政府税费征收中行政公开的状况作了描述,发现造成目前农村税费征收公开遭遇尴尬:内在动力不足,陷于被动,并不主要是乡镇干部观念方面的原因造成的,在其背后有着深厚的经济和体制根源.