Economics of court performance: an empirical analysis

This paper proposes an empirical analysis of Spanish court performance using the economic approach. An econometric model will be estimated in order to answer two basic questions: (1) why some courts’ output it is greater than others? (2) Could courts produce a higher output using their actual resources? In addition it will be determine, by means of an analysis of variance (ANOVA), whether courts showing higher than average output have dictated resolutions with a higher reversal rate.     

An experimental evaluation of teen courts

Teen Court (TC) is a juvenile diversion program designed to prevent the formal processing of first-time juvenile offenders within the juvenile justice system. TC instead utilizes informal processing and sanctions in order to prevent future offending. Despite its widespread popularity throughout the United States of America, little rigorous research has been conducted on the effectiveness of the TC model for reducing recidivism. Using an experimental design, this study examined the effectiveness of TC in reducing recidivism and improving the attitudes and opinions of juvenile offenders in comparison with a control group of youth who were formally processed. Self-reported delinquency was higher for those youth who participated in TC. TC youth were also found to have significantly lower scores on a scale of belief in conventional rules than had youth who were processed in the Department of Juveniles Services. Implications of these findings are discussed.

The Concept of the Supremacy of the Constitution

The article compares and assesses the idea of the supremacy of the constitution found in Germany with the competing British tradition of parliamentary sovereignty. It concludes by examining the need for a supreme constitutional law in the European Union.     

在我国建立宪法法院的必要性与可行性之分析

在我国建立什么样的违宪审查机制一直是理论界争议的难题,这直接关系着我国违宪审查体制的建构,本文从建立宪法法院的必要性和可行性两个方面论证了宪法法院的建构的益处以及宪法法院的建构与我国现行人民代表大会运行机制并无冲突。     

领土条约的界定标准、解释方法及其运行结构

领土主权属于一国的核心利益问题。国际法院基于《维也纳条约法公约》第31-32条之规定,在解决领土条约争端时采取了"实质优于形式"和"同意"等界定标准。同时,在适用该《公约》解释相关条款时采取了不同的解释方法,体现了一定的灵活性,但也出现过矛盾与反复。对此,应根据该《公约》第31-32条规定的内部要素及外部变量,优化领土条约的解释方法和运行结构。这种路径的设计不再拘泥于《条约法公约》本身,适当拓展、引入当事方提供的证明事实真相的关键证据,对领土条约的解释进行补充说明,并非游离于《条约法公约》之外,转而寻求保持占有法律、有效控制等法理基础及相应的事实主张和证据,而是将两者合而为一,以《条约法公约》解释规则为主,其他关键证据为辅的层级解释路径。另外,国际法院在解释相关领土条约时,除了适用"《条约法公约》+其他层级关键证据"模式外,还应借鉴学界的解释方法论,以使得两者交互影响,进一步完善条约解释方法的路径,实现对领土条约解释规则的再造。     

The PRC-Laos BIT is Applicable to the Macau SAR?

On29September2016,theCourtoftheAppealoftheRepublicofSingaporeissuedthejudgmentconcerningSanumInvestmentLimitedv.TheGovernmentoftheLaoPeople’sDemocraticRepublic.Inthisjudgment,theCourtdeclaredthatthePRC-LaosBITwasapplicabletoMacauSAR.However,thejudgmentmadebytheCourtiswrongandthustriggeredaseriesofridiculousconclusionsbecauseofthewrongfulinterpretationonArticle31ofthe1969ViennaConventionontheLawofTreaties,thewrongfulidentificationonthenatureofthecustomsinternationalruleforthe“movingtreatyfrontier”rule,andtheinappropriatestandardofproofontheissueof“otherwiseestablished”.     

试论高素质警察的测评和培养

公安工作的发展需要高素质的警察。高素质的警察由三个方面的要素构成:卓越的能力、健康的心理和优秀的品质。提高警察素质的动力来自于竞争和忧患,提高警察素质的途径是终身职业教育和跨学科、跨部门教育。     

中国公民宪法意识调查报告

我国现行宪法颁布实施已经 2 0周年 ,在这 2 0年里 ,我国的民主法治建设有了很大的进步 ,宪法学的理论研究也取得了丰硕的成果 ,但是 ,对于我国公民的宪法意识一直缺乏比较准确的定量分析。组织关于公民宪法意识的问卷调查 ,一方面可以为定量分析公民的宪法意识提供第一手材料 ;另一方面也为准确评价我国宪法学教育以及普法教育的效果 ,并提出改进的建议 ,提供客观依据。     

The European Court of Justice and the Annulment of the Tobacco Advertisement Directive: Friend of National Sovereignty or Foe of Public Health?

In Case C-376/98 Germany v Council the European Court of Justice annulled a Directive which banned the advertisement and sponsorship of tobacco. The judgment sanctions regulatory policy-making at the national rather than the Community level. The paper examines the legal basis of the annulment, its effect on economic efficiency and the implied role of the Court in the formulation of public policy in Europe. Within the institutional limits of the judicial power to determine policy, the Court focused on whether or not disparate national laws restrict free movement and distort competition and affirmed the primacy of the nation state to regulate economic activity.