英美法系与大陆法系警察证人资格的理论与实践

无论是英美法系国家,还是大陆法系国家,警察均具有证人资格,必要时有义务根据控辩双方的要求或者法官的传唤出庭作证。     

奥林匹克体育仲裁制度及我国之借鉴

体育仲裁是解决体育纠纷的重要方式,国际体育仲裁委员会(ICAS)及体育仲裁院(CAS)是国际上著名的体育仲裁机构。体育仲裁对我国体育事业和仲裁法律制度来讲,是一项重要的制度创新。通过借鉴奥林匹克体育仲裁制度的成功实践,本文对体育仲裁的理论和实际操作进行全面的考察,进而就我国建立体育仲裁制度提出一己之见,希望对2008年北京奥运会有所参考。     

论刑事司法权利的宪法保护

公民受刑事追究时享有一系列程序性权利 ,涉及人身自由和安全的保障 ,属于基本人权范畴。此类权利应当具有防范国家司法权力侵害的防御功能 ,因此仅仅通过刑事诉讼法予以确定和保护是不够的 ,还应当由宪法加以确定和保障。保障公民的刑事司法权利应当是尊重和保障人权的核心内容。借鉴各国宪法的规定以及有关国家宪法实践 ,我国应当完善公民刑事程序权利宪法保护。     

Joint Dynamics of Legal and Economic Integration in the European Union

We evaluate the causal linkages between the economic and legal integration process that has characterised the formation of the European Union. Specifically, using the frequency of national references for preliminary rulings sent to the European Court of Justice as a measure of legal integration we investigate its joint dynamics with the expansion of intra-EU trade over the 1960–1998 time period. Our objective is to formally test whether any such linkages exist and the direction within which they have operated.     

抢劫罪既遂、未遂的司法解释质疑——兼论司法解释的现实得失与应然走向

最高人民法院的司法解释将具有加重结果的抢劫罪一律认定为既遂状态,实际蕴含了重刑主义倾向,同时也凸现了其作为高端优位者在刑法理论界本来极有争论的学术领域做出裁判性结论的自信色彩,这多少表明中国今天的刑法理论依然无法拆卸实践的重轭,从而取得理论指导实践的地位。我们有责任重新审视在中国的刑事法治建设过程中如何树立刑法典的权威地位。作为高端权威的司法解释有所紧缩,是促使和形成每个法官能够独立钻研解读刑法典、能够与立法原意进行直接对话的必要的条件,也是刑事法治社会逐渐成熟的必要条件。     

国际法院司法实践中的反诉问题研究

反诉是国际法院诉讼程序中的一种附带程序。20世纪90年代,国际法院涉及到反诉的案子突然增多,其基本上是被作为一种诉讼策略在使用。国际法院在处理反诉过程中的系列做法彰显了反诉的诸多法理。为了加强对反诉程序的控制,国际法院对反诉规则进行了相应的修改。     

宪法程序的类型以及功能

由于我国现行宪法对宪法程序的作用关注不够 ,导致了许多实体的宪法制度无法有效地建立 ,宪法关系不能有效地发生。应当从保证宪法规范的确定性出发来完善我国的宪法解释和宪法修改程序 ,对我国宪法所确立的人民代表大会制度应当建立与之相适应的国家权力运作程序 ,与此同时 ,为了更好地保护公民的宪法权利 ,应当在宪法修改的过程中将一般性的宪法权利保护程序写进宪法。此外 ,还应当建立宪法救济程序 ,以保证我国现行宪法所规定的各项实体宪法制度能够有效地发挥自身的制度功能。     

英国律师制度沿革与法学高等教育简介

经过几个世纪的变迁,英国现在有出庭律师、事务律师和王室顾问等几个不同的律师职业阶层。这些律师工作的侧重点不一样,对专业知识的要求也不同,他们共同构成了英国律师界的一个有机整体。针对目前存在的是否需要将出庭律师与事务律师两种职业合并的争议,从历史的角度考证英国律师制度的发展沿革,介绍与之相关的英国法学教育和律师培训的一些特点,可以得出二者之合并不可能在一朝一夕完成的结论。     

Enacting multi-layered citizenship: Turkey’s Armenians’ struggle for justice and equality

Throughout the history of the Turkish Republic, Turkey’s Armenians have been subjected to a trade-off between the limited minority rights granted by the 1923 Lausanne Treaty and equal national citizenship. Traditionally a closed, depoliticized community, the citizenship practices of the Armenian minority have become increasingly differentiated in recent years. Building on a notion of citizenship as multi-layered and constituted through collective practice, this article investigates the implications of the political acts of Turkey’s Armenian minority on sub-national and national citizenship in Turkey. We show that Turkey’s Armenians are coupling rights demands, identification, normative references, and mobilization at the sub-national, national, and transnational levels in innovative ways, and are thereby negotiating different layers of citizenship in Turkey in a way that strengthens equal national citizenship.     

A Process Evaluation of a Kentucky Court Improvement Initiative

This article describes a court improvement initiative designed to promote uniformity and improved court practice with the ultimate goal of the improvement of outcomes for children and families. The article focuses on the results of interviews and focus groups conducted as part of the evaluation of this initiative. Twelve jurisdictions were purposively selected to exhibit a range of family court and non–family court jurisdictions in rural and middle‐sized locations. The discussion of the qualitative results focuses on changes in court practice and the impact of the initiative on case time.