ECJ rules on acts of “Extraction” that infringe database right

Four years from the European Court of Justice's seminal rulings on database right in the British Horseracing Board and Fixtures Marketing cases, the Court has once again looked at the extent of protection this right affords. The earlier decisions had suggested the right was weak, with many databases not qualifying for protection and the extent of infringement required being difficult to meet. However, the ECJ's recent ruling in the Directmedia case (C-304/07) handed down in late-2008 is more positive for database owners. Adopting the reasoning of the Advocate General, the ECJ has clarified the types of acts which can constitute infringement of database right and confirmed they are broad in scope. The outcome and implications of the ruling are discussed below.     

论农民宪法权利平等保护的国家义务

农民宪法权利的完美实现必须以国家义务的合法有效履行为前提和核心。从横向上看,与农民宪法权利的多重权能面向相对应,国家对其依次负有尊重、保护和给付的宪法义务;从纵向上看,以上任何国家义务的履行都必须以平等保护为其核心议题。实现农民宪法权利的平等保护,国家不仅要树立“以人为本”、“公平至上”的宪法理念,同时还必须在此基础上设计出具体的平等保护路径。     

北京知识产权法院若干问题

北京知识产权法院的成立处于建立创新型国家与全面推进依法治国两个重要节点背景下,其建立不仅仅着眼于加强知识产权保护,支持创新驱动,更旨在以知识产权审判机制改革为先导,推动司法体制改革,促进依法治国。北京知识产权法院在法院设置、管理体制、审判机制上有诸多创新,这些为我国探索更为合理有效的知识产权审判体系提供了指引。     

La crisis de la deuda soberana y la reforma del artículo 135 de la constitución española

The following piece of paper is a critical approach to the amendment of the Article 135 of the Spanish Constitution, by means of which the principle of balanced budget and the restricting of the public expenditure are constitutionalized. This work consists of four different paragraphs: the first one, in which a chronological approach to the debt crisis in the Eurozone and the reform of the Article 135 of the Constitution are carried out; the second one, where the new features that the current Article 135 contain are presented; the third one, in which the critical analysis of the 2011 constitutional reform is now developed (around tour fundamental axes: content, procedure, time and purpose and significance); and the fourth one resulting with a number of final considerations.     

警察作证制度的理论推演与实证分析

警察作证是推进证人出庭作证制度完善的重要一环。证人的党派性不应成为证人能力限制的理由 ;警察作证的公务性有利于保障其证言的客观性。警察作证不仅有利于案件真实的发现和实体法律的正确适用 ,而且有利于激发刑事诉讼各方参与者的主动性 ,彰显程序自身的公正性 ,还可有力地约束警察的非法取证行为。警察作证的公务性、事后性、倾向性是警察证人与普通证人的区别所在     

行政诉讼的重构——当代中国宪政建设的突破口

宪政的基本精神是控制国家权力.在控制国家权力的各种模式中,行政诉讼作为一种技术性、中立性、程序性和规则性的方式,包含着其他权力控制模式难以具备的优势.行政诉讼经过重新设想与建构,可以成为当代中国宪政建设的逻辑起点和突破口.     

Credibility of the Emotional Witness: A Study of Ratings by Court Judges

Previous studies have shown that the emotional behavior displayed during testimony may affect the perceived credibility of the witness. The present study compares credibility ratings by Norwegian court judges with those made by lay people. The participants viewed one of three video-recorded versions of a rape victim's statement, role played by a professional actress. The statement was given in a free-recall manner with one of three kinds of emotions displayed, termed congruent, neutral, and incongruent emotional expression. The results show that, in contrast to lay people, the credibility ratings of court judges and their votes for a guilty verdict were not influenced by the emotions displayed by the witness. Results are discussed in terms of professional expertise.     

刑事案件中警察出庭作证可行性探析

警察出庭作证不仅涉及我国的政治体制、司法体制问题，还涉及政法工作者们对刑事证据规则的认识，只有把这几个原则性问题的关系理顺，才能为以后的警察出庭作证制度建设立好根本。当前有关警察出庭作证的研究为数不少是直接构建制度方面的，而对警察出庭作证尤其是刑事案件中警察出庭作证的理论基础、重大意义，以及可行性分析才是根本。此外，一些国家和地区警察出庭作证的先进经验对我国警察出庭作证的实践具有重大启示。     

陕甘宁边区高等法院档案及其学术价值

陕甘宁边区高等法院档案,内容完整、丰富,不仅包括边区整体司法运作的详细资料,还有大量有关法律制度的理论探讨资料,对这一批史料的整理、公开和研究,将会极大地丰富陕甘宁边区法制史的资料体系,深化边区法制史的研究,为今天的法制研究、法制改革及建设提供十分重要的经验和教训。     

公诉案件庭审中非法证据排除程序酌实践与思考

对于庭审中提出非法证据排除申请的,相关证据展示、交换和对证据收集合法性的证明。拟通过休庭方式在庭下进行,庭上再进行确认或裁定;对于当庭非法证据排除调查不至于造成庭审过分延误的,也可在庭审过程中进行。侦查人员作为“程序上的被告”出庭说明情况,虽不具备证人身份,但依然可以接受控辩双方的质询,从某种意义上说,是依法辅助公诉人履行控诉职责的职务行为。