公诉案件庭审中非法证据排除程序酌实践与思考

对于庭审中提出非法证据排除申请的,相关证据展示、交换和对证据收集合法性的证明。拟通过休庭方式在庭下进行,庭上再进行确认或裁定;对于当庭非法证据排除调查不至于造成庭审过分延误的,也可在庭审过程中进行。侦查人员作为“程序上的被告”出庭说明情况,虽不具备证人身份,但依然可以接受控辩双方的质询,从某种意义上说,是依法辅助公诉人履行控诉职责的职务行为。     

论认罪认罚案件量刑建议精准化

随着认罪认罚从宽制度的广泛适用,检察机关不断加大量刑建议精准化改革力度。量刑建议精准化改革在理论与实践两个维度备受争议,其原因在于控辩双方具结活动的形式化、“明显不当”标准的模糊化、检察机关工作内容的复杂化,以及控审机关沟通关系的紧张化。对此,破解之道在于科学地把握量刑建议精准化改革背后的公诉权力变化,以此为前提统筹采取应对策略,包括划定精准刑量刑建议的适用范围、明确精准刑量刑建议的主要标准、推进审前具结活动的实质改造、提升精准刑量刑建议的质量水平、健全量刑建议的调整方案等方面,由此才能真正提升量刑建议精准化改革的实务成效。     

我国现行宪法章节名称之由来及评析

＂名＂是一个极其重要的范畴。宪法章节名称是一个不可回避、不容轻视的问题。我国现行宪法的章节名称,主要是对1954年宪法章节名称的继承。1954年宪法的章节名称,在多方面借鉴了前苏联宪法,但也有创造,如＂国家机构＂的章名。现行宪法的章节名称,还有完善的空间。     

宪法的守护者:试论中国宪法法院建构

中国是成文宪法国家,宪法在中国特色社会主义法律体系中居于最高地位,拥有最高效力。但是在现实中,宪法的规范效力往往无法实现,违宪活动时有发生,这与我国缺乏有效的宪法监督机制有关。一般来说,世界上宪法监督机制无非就是司法审查制度、议会监督宪法制度、专门宪法监督机构等三种类型,为了实现宪法监督的实效,各国都选择适合本国国情需要的宪法监督机制。在中国建立何种类型的宪法监督机制一直是学界争议的难题,而在全国人民代表大会下,设立宪法法院,保障宪法实施,是符合当代中国现行体制的最佳选择。     

荷兰刑事诉讼权利保障的法律基石

荷兰刑事司法受到了现代人权法律的深刻影响。在荷兰刑事诉讼过程中,诉讼权利保障主要依据国际性和地区性的人权条约以及相关国内法。荷兰刑事诉讼程序运作体现了对人权的真切关怀：荷兰签署加入了多部国际公约和欧洲区域公约,国际条约、欧洲人权法院的判例法都对荷兰刑事诉讼中的人权保障起到了重要作用。在国内法体系中,荷兰的《宪法》、《刑事诉讼法》以及其他法律也规定了刑事诉讼程序权利保障。荷兰的法院、检察机关组织运作体制和诉讼制度设计较为完备,保障了诉讼参与者在刑事诉讼程序中的权利。在刑事审前程序中,检察机关发挥了主导作用,但参与其问的侦查法官则对检察官和警察的侦查权形成了有效制衡。从刑事诉讼权利保障法律体系的整体而言,荷兰审前程序权利保障的体制属于适度的职权主义诉讼模式,而审判程序中的权利保障体制则兼采当事人主义和职权主义的混合式诉讼模式。     

中国特色社会主义宪法学的哲学基础及其方法论特色

中国特色社会主义宪法学既指改革开放以来产生于中国独特时空背景下的宪法学,同时也指在中国特色社会主义理论体系指导下所进行的宪法学研究。以马克思主义为指导的国家权力来源理论和国家权力关系理论是中国社会主义宪法学理论体系的核心。围绕这一理论核心形成了国家性质与国家形式理论、公民基本权利与义务理论以及宪法运行理论等主干理论。中国宪法学知识体系展开的哲学基础是马克思主义哲学,其历史唯物主义与辩证唯物主义世界观和方法论深刻影响了宪法学的范畴体系、理论容量、方法论取向和学者的理论思维模式。社会科学宪法学的繁盛和宪法解释学的初步发展,是中国特色社会主义宪法学研究的方法特色。     

我国地方税权的确立及其运行机制研究

The local tax rights is not only related to national and social stability,but also conducive to the healthy functioning local government authorities. To devide tax power scientific and normative,it should strive to combine the central right diligently leading with moderate local power. It means the division of tax power should take full account of the power demand and financial expenditure of local governments. To wisely and rationally choose a main local tax category,we should reform and adjust the local s...     

Constitutional Comparisons by A Supranational Court in Flux: The Privy Council and Caribbean Bills of Rights

This article examines how the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council makes constitutional comparisons between ‘related’ constitutions that are or were within its jurisdiction, deploying its own precedents, as a pragmatic method of resolving idiosyncratic questions that arise across multiple constitutions. In particular, it considers the Committee's approach to the longstanding question of the interpretation of the opening section of Caribbean constitutional bills of rights, which has far reaching implications for the scope of constitutional protection of human rights. The JCPC's answer over time to this question reveals the fault lines for this supranational constitutional court as its jurisdiction peters out yet remains. The gaze of comparativism is very harsh as older constitutions are evaluated in light of newer ones and also as fossilised constitutional interpretations presented in earlier JCPC cases where the Committee no longer has jurisdiction are given new life in contemporary cases.     

Barriers to the ballot: implications for the development of state and national crime policies

In 2013, the Supreme Court of the United States ruled in Shelby County v. Holder that Section 4(b) of the Voting Rights Act, which included the preclearance formula for determining which state and local jurisdictions needed to obtain federal approval before changing their election laws and voting procedures, was unconstitutional. By requiring federal approval, this provision prevented historically repressive jurisdictions from enacting covert policies to hinder non-whites from voting. The ruling in Shelby County is problematic because methods in use across the country prevent non-white citizens from casting their ballots, leaving their interests unaddressed. As people of color hold different attitudes and views than whites towards specific criminal justice measures, contemporary barriers to the ballot have potential implications for criminal law and policy. Consequently, analyses of two contemporary methods of denying non-whites a voice in government are warranted: felon disenfranchisement and voter identification laws. After considering the disproportionate effects of these laws on non-white voting, the paper reveals the potential harm that may result from Shelby County if similar laws spread to jurisdictions no longer covered by the Voting Rights Act.     

秘密侦查的法规范建构——职务犯罪视野的思索

不得强迫自证其罪原则的确立,意味着对职务犯罪案件的侦查能力与手段提出了新要求,秘密侦查因能够有效瓦解犯罪人之间基于囚徒困境而订立的攻守同盟,因而在职务犯罪案件侦查中具有重要价值。正式刑事诉讼法修正案应该扩大秘密侦查在职务犯罪案件中的适用范围,不仅应将其适用于所有职务犯罪案件,而且立案之前可以用秘密侦查发现犯罪线索,在立案之后可以用秘密侦查收集犯罪证据。同时,职务犯罪的秘密侦查应该实行司法令状主义。