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311.
在传统中国,民间裁决是与调解同样重要的一种纠纷解决方法.但在近代法律变革过程中,这两种传统的命运却截然不同.近代法庭调解传承了古代官府调解的衣钵,由于它在国家立法层面得到确认,调解制度总体上得以强化,而民间裁决则在司法改革与革命运动的夹击下归于沉寂.这两种命运也塑造了人们对于历史的记忆,调解被推崇为东方经验,而民间裁决... 相似文献
312.
《Contemporary South Asia》2012,20(1):19-31
This article deals with the judicialization of politics in Pakistan under the Supreme Court Chief Justice Choudhry (2009–). Confrontation between the executive and judiciary under him led to speculation about the imminent collapse of the democratic system, given the history of military take-over in the country. The use of judicial review, whereby the Court exercised the power of interpreting the Constitution with impunity, was widely criticized as an attempt to encroach on the territory of the legislature through case law. At the institutional level, the Court sought to exercise veto power over the appointment of judges and to deny the right of oversight to any government agency. The Court's pursuit of public interest litigation through frequent suo motu actions taken in a populist mode led to brinkmanship on the part of the executive and judiciary. Despite this power play, the Court's operations fell into the category of modus operandi, instead of being a fight to the finish. However, the Court's pursuit of judicial reform relating to cheap and speedy justice and accountability of the higher judiciary remained far from satisfactory. 相似文献
313.
《Criminal Justice Studies》2012,25(4):313-318
The sovereignty of Native Americans makes Congress the ultimate arbitrator of Native American affairs. Notwithstanding, the complexity of enforcing criminal statutes within and without Indian country reflects a miscellany of law enforcement jurisdiction. In any tribal criminal law enforcement action three distinct governments are involved: tribal, state, and federal. Each government has a stake in the outcome; and each enjoys exclusive, partial, or no jurisdiction, depending on the location of the offense, type of offense, and the races of the parties involved. To ascertain which government or governments has jurisdiction, police and prosecutors should conduct a three-step test to determine: (1) location of the crime; (2) supremacy of law issues; and (3) race of the offender and race of the victim. 相似文献
314.
《Criminal Justice Studies》2012,25(3):245-264
This paper compares what life was like in the American penal system prior to the reform movement of the 1960s and 1970s, as well as legislation that created reform as to the rights of the incarcerated, to what an inmates life is like today. Specifically, the two pieces of legislation that are highlighted are the uniform Law Commissioners' Model Sentencing and Corrections Act of 1978 and the A.B.A. Standards Relating to the Legal Status of Prisoners. This reform movement educated the incarcerated as to their constitutional rights, specifically the first, fourth, fifth, sixth, eighth, and fourteenth Amendments to the Constitution. These amendments are expressed through court cases that dictated exactly what the courts interpret as an inmate's rights. These rulings led to the passing of legislation which increased prisoners' rights. This new knowledge and legislation has changed what life is like behind bars for the incarcerated leading to a whole new perspective on how to administer the penal system. 相似文献
315.
张勤 《国家检察官学院学报》2019,27(4):152-160
个案研究具有整体性、深入性、综合性和双重性等特征。如何面对个案研究的\"代表性\"困境,学界存在着无涉论、分类论和超越论三种观点。侯欣一教授在对民国时期西安地方法院的个案研究中,通过对典型性条件的相对满足,以及关系视角下\"开放的司法\"特征的捕捉,较好地实现了对个案研究局限性的超越。个案研究方法的科学运用,不仅对近代司法研究具有范式意义,而且为法律史研究中科学方法的探索积累了有益的经验。 相似文献
316.
317.
Thomas Poole 《The Modern law review》2007,70(2):250-277
This article examines the constitutional scholarship of John Griffith. Centring on Griffith's seminal article 'The Political Constitution', the analysis reveals a more complex and pessimistic thinker than the standard image of Benthamite radical would allow. The article then examines the cogency of Griffith's vision – particularly his thesis that rights discourse 'corrupts' law and politics – against recent developments. It concludes by reflecting on Griffith's radical debunking style. 相似文献
318.
319.
合法性所强调的是行为主体的行为有法律的根据,违法所表达的是主体的行为违背了法律的规定。在宪政体制下,对主体行为的法律评价因主体的性质不同而有区别,对公权主体的行为范式的要求是行为合法,对私权主体的行为范式的要求是行为不违法。 相似文献
320.
随着认罪认罚从宽制度的广泛适用,检察机关不断加大量刑建议精准化改革力度。量刑建议精准化改革在理论与实践两个维度备受争议,其原因在于控辩双方具结活动的形式化、“明显不当”标准的模糊化、检察机关工作内容的复杂化,以及控审机关沟通关系的紧张化。对此,破解之道在于科学地把握量刑建议精准化改革背后的公诉权力变化,以此为前提统筹采取应对策略,包括划定精准刑量刑建议的适用范围、明确精准刑量刑建议的主要标准、推进审前具结活动的实质改造、提升精准刑量刑建议的质量水平、健全量刑建议的调整方案等方面,由此才能真正提升量刑建议精准化改革的实务成效。 相似文献