政府信息公开法治化的障碍与路径选择

我国政府信息公开制度正式实施三年来,在思想观念、法律制度、监督体制等方面依然存在着阻碍我国政府信息公开法治化的障碍。政府信息公开的法治化之路:一是必须是在公众参与的现代法治立法模式下,以保障公民的知情权为立法目的,用法律的确定性和规范性重构我国信息公开的法律体系;二是政府信息公开法律落实的关键,在于加强来自于行政权外部的人大监督、司法监督与民间力量的监督。     

权益变动披露规则重构的反思

2019年《证券法》对权益变动披露规则在信息披露规则、慢走规则以及罚则标准进行了重构,自修订成果来看,平衡理论没有得到贯彻,收购预警机制的功能进一步彰显。信息披露规则应结合最新个案逐渐形成标准,慢走规则宜保留并转向责任的分担。限制表决权及大额罚款的行政处罚仍是违规责任承担的主要方式,未来没收违法所得应有适用空间,并可探索代表人民事诉讼作为重要的救济手段。     

“绿色原则”视阈下预重整制度的功能性建构

《中华人民共和国民法典》规定“绿色原则”的基础含义为环境保护,其深层表达为节约资源和可持续发展。“绿色原则”既促进人与自然的和谐发展,也表达了资源、资本的可持续利用。破产法作为市场经济的重要法律,兼具市场出清和挽救再生的双重功能。其中预重整制度因其有效提高破产重整成功率,挽救债务企业于困境,是“绿色原则”在破产法中张力的重要体现。预重整制度一面可以通过简化程序节约司法资源、社会资源,另一面还可以延续债务人经验、商誉,避免浪费、最大化促进债务人可持续发展。     

Disseminating Public Data as Public Use Files: What Makes a Successful Initiative?

The current policy emphasis on data-driven decision-making is creating the right incentives for government agencies around the world that have not traditionally disseminated their administrative data to do so. The literature on statistical disclosure control focuses on the technical aspects of a variety of methods designed to protect data confidentiality. There is, however, a void in the literature in regard to what other elements are necessary to create and sustain a successful initiative. This paper examines six case studies of individual-level datasets. It reviews current practice in several domains and summarizes recommendations from expert practitioners including challenges for future initiatives.     

“Keeping Children Safe”: the Child Sex Offender Disclosure Scheme in Scotland

Abstract

This article describes the Child Sex Offender Disclosure Scheme in Scotland known as Keeping Children Safe (KCS), and the wider community engagement strategy developed by the charity Stop it Now! Scotland. The author coordinated the disclosure scheme on behalf of Police Scotland from November 2011 to March 2014. He is employed by Stop it Now! Scotland as a project officer. In 2011, Stop it Now! Scotland took over responsibility for the coordination of the KCS scheme from the Police. This work is embedded within a community engagement strategy known as the Upstream Project. The Upstream Project provides information to “community-facing” agencies to use in their interface with groups or individual adults in the community. To achieve this, a prevention toolkit was developed which includes a range of practical information and resources which adults can use to identify potential risk and take steps to prevent sexual abuse from occurring.     

昂山素季与缅甸政治

反对派领袖昂山素季赢得国际社会的关注与民众的尊敬。自上世纪80年代末以来,她的个人命运同整个缅甸息息相关。她与军政府最终达成一些共识。2002年5月6日,昂山素季无条件获释。通过解除施加在她身上的桎梏,缅甸也许将能逐步实现全国和解。     

论枉法仲裁罪的设立当缓

日前提交全国人大常委会审议的《刑法修正案(六)(草案)》建议增设枉法仲裁罪。本文在分析仲裁员责任理论和各国法律实践的基础上,从仲裁的本质、特点、枉法仲裁罪的内涵以及设立的后果等几个方面对是否应当设立枉法仲裁罪进行了论证,认为枉法仲裁罪目前不宜设立。     

保险“最大诚信”之反思——兼论保险告知义务的理论依据

诚信没有大小之区分,把“最大诚信”论作为告知义务产生的理论依据已经不合适宜,它不仅有循环论证的逻辑缺陷、制度构建的困惑,也不符合保险制度发展的实际需要。告知义务的理论基础应当是多元的,危险信息不对称与危险估计需要是事实基础,而诚信原则是该事实需要转化为制度构建逻辑结论的理论工具。     

Protecting digital identity in the cloud: Regulating cross border data disclosure

Widespread use of cloud computing and other off-shore hosting and processing arrangements make regulation of cross border data one of the most significant issues for regulators around the world. Cloud computing has made data storage and access cost effective but it has changed the nature of cross border data. Now data does not have to be stored or processed in another country or transferred across a national border in the traditional sense, to be what we consider to be cross border data. Nevertheless, the notion of physical borders and transfers still pervades thinking on this subject. The European Commission (“EC”) is proposing a new global standard for data transfer to ensure a level of protection for data transferred out of the EU similar to that within the EU. This paper examines the two major international schemes regulating cross-border data, the EU approach and the US approach, and the new EC and US proposals for a global standard. These approaches which are all based on data transfer are contrasted with the new Australian approach which regulates disclosure. The relative merits of the EU, US and Australian approaches are examined in the context of digital identity, rather than just data privacy which is the usual focus, because of the growing significance of digital identity, especially to an individual's ability to be recognized and to transact. The set of information required for transactions which invariably consists of full name, date of birth, gender and a piece of what is referred to as identifying information, has specific functions which transform it from mere information. As is explained in this article, as a set, it literally enables the system to transact. For this reason, it is the most important, and most vulnerable, part of digital identity. Yet while it is deserving of most protection, its significance has been largely under-appreciated. This article considers the issues posed by cross border data regulation in the context of cloud computing, with a focus on transaction identity and the other personal information which make up an individual's digital identity. The author argues that the growing commercial and legal importance of digital identity and its inherent vulnerabilities mandate the need for its more effective protection which is provided by regulation of disclosure, not just transfer.     

香港特区政府的信息公开管理

本文主要介绍了香港特区政府的《公开资料守则》与信息公开的政策、机构、管理措施和内容等,包括一般的信息披露以及政府新闻处的公共信息服务和政府的财政透明;并分析了特区政府信息电子化和网络化的成功之道。本文认为,政府信息公开是一个一举多得的政策措施,而香港特区政府信息公开的范围之广、信息公开的渠道之多都令人叹为观止,这不仅有利于政府内部的统一和协调,而且有利于政府工作的顺利开展,并且在本地和国际上树立了一个透明、廉洁、高效、负责的服务型政府形象。简而言之,透明政府的建设源于政府与社会在信息公开方面达成共识,从而使政府能够自觉自愿接受社会监督。