食品安全信息供给的政府义务及其实现路径

食品安全信息的有效供给,关系到社会对食品生产和消费的信息和对政府的信任,而完善我国食品安全信息的供给,已经成为完善我国食品安全监管的重要环节。本文通过对食品安全信息特性的分析,认为政府应当承担食品安全信息供给的义务。因此,本文全面反思现行法律中我国食品安全信息供给中政府义务的缺陷,并提出矫正的对策。     

The Right to Know? State Politics of Fracking Disclosure

U.S. energy firms are increasingly expanding their production of natural gas oftentimes by relying on a controversial extraction technique known as hydraulic fracturing. While proponents cite a litany of benefits including economic development and reduced carbon emissions, opponents articulate concerns typically centering on environmental quality. Caught between these opposing points of view, states are turning to disclosure requirements. Yet all disclosure statutes are not created equally. In order to better understand this variation, I utilize Abel, Stephan, and Kraft's (ASK) 2007 performance model, which evaluates the effectiveness of information‐based disclosure rules for industry. The model here, however, is applied in an attempt to understand why disclosure regulations emerge and vary across states. Results generally validate the ASK approach but with one caveat. I find that in the context of differing disclosure regulations, the ASK model's pollution severity/risk measure may be refined by including risk perception.     

论行政评价机制与参与型行政

在政府职能定位和政府职能转变过程中,建立一系列行政评价机制,完善参与型行政,是实现公共利益这一行政活动的最高目的的基本保障。在行政评价和参与型行政方面,发达国家已有诸多成功的经验和失败的教训,值得正在引进行政评价机制的中国予以关注和借鉴。确立解消信息非对称性的信息公开、信息发送机制,是实现参与型行政评价的前提条件。政府应当在履行公开信息和说明责任的同时,采取切实有效的措施,对市民参与行政评价进行技术支援,提高相关主体的“掌舵”技能,支援相关主体对公共事务的参与。要赋予行政评价更进一步巩固的地位,使其成为具有实效的制度,行政评价的法制化是首选的途径。     

Reconstructing Insurance Law: The Law Commissions' Consultation Paper

In July 2007 the English and Scottish Law Commissions published the consultation paper Insurance Law – Non-disclosure and Breach of Warranty (hereafter LCCP) which sets out in detail the Commissions' provisional proposals for the reform of insurance contract law with particular reference to the key areas of utmost good faith, warranties and agency. This article analyses, from a critical standpoint, the LCCP's principal conclusions and recommendations. It begins by noting, as a means of demonstrating that the current reform process should be informed by modern industry practices, that the ways in which modern insurance contracts are concluded differ significantly from those when insurance law was last reviewed by the Law Commission in 1980. The article then discusses the dichotomy between consumer and business insurance given that this distinction underpins the LCCP and its approach towards reforming the pre-contractual duty of good faith. By way of backdrop to the analysis, we consider the approach taken towards reforming the law governing intermediaries acting for prospective assureds during the disclosure process. Finally, the proposed rules for warranties and similar terms are examined. It is argued that the proposal to retain continuing warranties in business insurance contracts will, if implemented, represent a missed opportunity to rid insurance contracts of terms long criticised as draconian and disproportionate in their effect.     

司法何以如此尴尬——以一起医疗纠纷案件审理为例

不断增多的医疗纠纷及其引发的种种愤懑,使得各种利益纠葛、体制冲突、伦理诉求和法律管制之间形成了一种较之从前更为复杂而微妙的关系。对医患关系的社会调查显示,目前我国医患双方的关系并不融洽,双方缺乏高度的信任感,一旦患者未达到其预期的疗效,势必为双方的矛盾、冲突和纠纷埋下伏笔;医患双方在具体运用知情同意权法则时产生的强烈的错位,使得知情同意权在减少医患纠纷、构建高度信任基础上的医患和谐关系的功能大打折扣。而对实践中的一个真实案例的审理的剖析则反映出我国法律和司法在知情同意权方面是如此的苍白无力,使得知情同意法则的建立迫在眉睫。我国知情同意权法则的理想构架应该包括:知情同意权法则的基本原则,医生的告知义务,患者的同意以及违反告知义务的构成要件。     

论英国的分时度假立法

英国是欧盟成员国中最早制定分时度假专门立法的国家,欧盟分时度假指令也是在该国的推动下出台的。因此,研究英国分时度假立法,对我国将来的立法应有一定的借鉴价值。从英国分时度假法的立法背景出发,重点介绍了英国立法的内容及其重大修订,并做出相应评述。     

论民事诉讼中的证据交换制度

证据交换制度无论是对于强化诉讼公正还是提高诉讼效率都具有极其重要的作用,国外该制度司法实践的成功也表明了这一点。我国近来已用司法解释的形式在民事诉讼中创建了该项制度的雏形,但还很不完善,在效力上也值得怀疑,因而很有必要进行重构。     

析评《管制刀具认定标准》

《管制刀具认定标准》是管制刀具管理的客观需要,它克服了以往以《对部分刀具实行管制的暂行规定》为法律依据而造成的省际间标准的不统一,从而导致执法和认定的规制上的不足。但该标准也存在在文字表述上前后矛盾和实践执法中太过“标准”的显在不足。《管制刀具认定标准》需要有与之配套的《管制刀具管理规定》。     

洗钱犯罪的证据调查方法

情报侦查、实时侦查、书证侦查是三种有效应对洗钱犯罪的方法。在侦查过程中,既可以通过搜查、讯问、询问、联合侦查等途径获取证据,也可以借鉴国外经验,采用控制下交付、电子监视与监听、特工行动等特殊侦查手段来获取证据。此外,还应当完善立法,确保侦查所取得的证据在庭审中具有合法性和可采性。     

公安信息公开相关问题研究

公安机关应树立统一而鲜明的民主警务、社区警务观念,结合自身的特点建立健全公安信息公开制度,并明确公安信息公开的基本原则,探索并构建公安信息公开的基本模式,正确认识和处理公安信息公开的危机,推进我国社会治安治理的民主化、市场化、社区化和综合化。