Is Something Better Than Nothing? The Effect of Short Terms of Mandatory Parole Supervision

This article reports the findings of a quasi-experimental evaluation of a mandatory early parole program. New Jersey’s Statutory Early Release (SER) law required that all inmates, with few exceptions, be released onto parole six months before the expiration of their sentence. SER participants (n = 405) were matched using propensity scores to two groups of similar offenders who left prison in the year prior to the implementation of the SER statute. Comparison groups include former inmates that were released either unconditionally (n = 4,507) or onto standard parole (n = 5,657). At the conclusion of the matching routines, 395 SER-parolee pairs and 394 SER-unconditional release pairs were identified. Outcomes measures, including comparisons of rearrest and reconviction rates, are reported pre and post matching, and at 6-, 12-, and 18-month intervals. Individuals enrolled in the SER program demonstrated significantly reduced arrest rates during the SER supervision period when compared to unconditionally released offenders, though differences do not persist past six months. Offending rates for both SER participants and matched parolees were generally similar, with some significant variation in arrest rates emerging after 12 months.     

From Responsible Disclosure Policy (RDP) towards State Regulated Responsible Vulnerability Disclosure Procedure (hereinafter – RVDP): The Latvian approach

Cybersecurity is an integral part of security. It plays a tremendous role in modern society. It encompasses technical, organizational and legislative measures created for the purpose of protecting and minimizing impacts from cyber incidents. Any software may contain bugs or security holes. Hackers frequently discover such flaws and, without vendor's consent, disclose step-by-step instructions about vulnerability to the public, disregarding the possible IT security risk. Many vendors already have introduced responsible disclosure policies or “bug bounty” programs. In 2013 the Netherlands launched the first state responsible disclosure Guidelines. Guidelines contain principles, definitions and organizational measures, necessary for responsible disclosure policy as a state policy.Latvia decided to draft Regulation on responsible disclosure procedure. In March 2016, the Ministry of Defence created a working group. The goal of the drafters was: 1) to prepare amendment to Law on the Security of Information Systems to create legislative framework for responsible vulnerability disclosure process; 2) to draft an amendment to Section 241 (3) of Criminal Law to create a guaranty against prosecution (waiver) for persons who act in accordance with responsible disclosure process. The paper provides an insight into this process, difficulties faced by drafters and presents provisional results of the legislative draft and lessons to be learnt.     

论我国资产证券化投资者风险及其法律防范

我国目前正在着手扩大资产证券化试点和范围,加快资产证券化发展步伐,同时酝酿统一的资产证券化法律框架。但由于我国机构投资者缺乏,投资者在整个资产证券化环节处于弱势,保护投资者利益成为我国资产证券化立法重要部分。本文意在自足于投资者的法律地位,通过对投资者主要风险的法律分析,提出对投资者保护的法律建议。     

对刑事证据展示制度的思考

刑事证据展示是指刑事诉讼中的控辩双方在庭审前依法相互出示、交换与案件事实相关联证据的活动。证据展示制度已成为当前国际司法界的通行做法,在我国建立证据展示制度迫在眉睫。我国应该借鉴国外证据展示制度的有益之处、兼顾国情,完善我国的刑事证据展示制度。     

认罪认罚从宽制度之证据开示规则形塑

认罪认罚从宽制度的核心是控辩双方的平等协商。平等协商的前提是通过证据开示保障双方在获知案件事实与证据信息上的对称性,尤其是辩护方对证据信息的知情权,进而保障被追诉人认罪认罚的自愿性与真实性。《关于适用认罪认罚从宽制度的指导意见》第29条授权检察机关探索证据开示制度。证据开示制度的样态表现为“双方规制型”与“单方规制型”两种模式,后者更符合认罪认罚从宽制度的实际。检察机关单方面向辩护方开示证据材料,需在程序上规制开示的适用阶段、方式、范围以及辩护律师的作用等具体规则,建立符合认罪认罚从宽制度实际的证据开示制度。     

右旋布洛芬缓释片的含量测定及体外释放特性研究

目的建立右旋布洛芬缓释片的含量测定方法，并评价其体外释放特性。方法采用高效液相色谱法测定缓释片含量，采用紫外分光光度法对缓释片的体外释放特性进行研究。结果右旋布洛芬在4-100μg／ml范围内线性关系良好（r=0．9995），平均回收率为99．44％，RSD=0．94％。释放行为显示右旋布洛芬缓释片呈零级释放，药物释放被延长到12h。结论本方法准确可靠，重现性好，灵敏度高，可用于右旋布洛芬缓释片的质量控制。所研制的右旋布洛芬缓释片达到了缓慢释放药物的目的。     

Personal attributes and (mis)perceptions of local environmental risk

Individuals' risk perceptions shape their attitudes and behaviors, and to the extent that governments respond to public demands, they also influence public policy priorities. Conversely, risk misperceptions—that is, when risk perceptions do not align with realities—may lead to suboptimal behaviors and inefficient public policy. This study investigates the phenomena of environmental risk misperceptions. Specifically, with an original survey that enables a direct comparison of perceived and actual environmental risks at the local level, it examines the relationships between personal attributes and risk misperceptions. The findings show that individuals exhibit optimism bias in assessing local environmental risk. On average, people rank their communities as experiencing less risk from toxic air pollution than objective measures suggest. Moreover, Whites, males, conservatives, and older people tend to have larger optimism bias and have lower chances of possessing correct risk perceptions than their counterparts, respectively, while respondents who are married, poor, who go to church regularly, and have strong pro-environmental orientation, tend to have smaller optimism bias and have higher chances of possessing correct risk perceptions than their respective counterparts. The systematic misperception of local environmental risk underscores the importance of information provision and risk communication, and the sociopolitical correlates of misperception suggest that targeted and more nuanced strategies are required to correct misperceptions.