基于人力资本产权的公司治理制度创新

传统的以股东利益最大化为目标的公司治理结构存在制度上的缺陷,人力资本所有者拥有企业所有权,参与公司治理是完善公司治理的必由之路,对于我国当前的国有企业改革具有重要现实意义.人力资本产权框架下的公司治理呈现新的特征:治理结构主体的多元化、经营者在公司治理中具有双重身份、职工参公司治理从形式走向实质、公司治理的重点是利益关系的协调.     

国有企业公司制改革的实证分析

国有企业的公司化改造是国企改革的重要方面,是国有经济战略性调整的必然要求,有利于转变经营机制,实现政企分开,形成有效制衡的公司法人治理结构,提高经营管理水平。我国国有企业的公司制改革虽然取得可喜的成绩,但也存在一些问题。为此,要进一步规范企业改制和产权交易,防止国有资产流失;妥善解决各方利益冲突,从而推进国有企业公司制改革,加快建立现代企业制度。     

论市场营销理论在中国社会工作发展中的应用

20世纪80年代,专业社会工作进入中国内地,开始其专业化、职业化及本土化的发展历程。文中分析了中国社会工作发展的现状和难题,提出导入市场营销理论,提升社会工作专业和组织的专业形象,运用营销组合策略,把社会工作专业及其组织推向市场,面向政府、企业、公众和其他非政府组织,获得其发展壮大的资源和机遇。     

公司经理忠诚义务探微--从实践的困惑与立法滞后的视角

本文从"忠诚义务"上升为法定的"义务"谈起,对公司经理在实践中违反"忠诚义务"的困惑与无奈以及我国<公司法>对经理"忠诚义务"立法上的滞后进行了阐述,在分析探讨公司经理的"忠诚义务"的基础上,针对我国目前公司立法中的不足与缺陷,提出了立法上的建议,比较系统地对完善经理"忠诚义务"从法律上进行了探讨分析,以期抛砖引玉.     

脾虚患者SIL-2R与淋巴细胞增殖活性相关性研究

目的：研究脾虚患者ＳＩＬ ２Ｒ 含量与淋巴细胞增殖活性关系。方法：采用３ Ｈ ＴｄＲ 掺入法,ＥＬＩＳＡ 双抗体夹心法测定脾虚患者、正常人外周血淋巴细胞增殖活性,血浆及ＰＨＡ 诱导的７２ｈ淋巴细胞培养上清ＳＩＬ ２Ｒ 含量。结果：脾虚患者外周血淋巴细胞对ＰＨＡ 诱导的增殖反应较正常人明显下降（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ,淋巴细胞培养上清ＳＩＬ ２Ｒ含量显著低于正常组,其水平与淋巴细胞增殖反应量正相关（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） ,但外周血ＳＩＬ ２Ｒ 含量显著地高于正常对照组（ Ｐ＜ ０ ．０１） 。结论：脾虚患者存在免疫功能紊乱     

经济全球化条件下的国企改革与发展

中国加入WTO标志着中国经济融入了国际主流经济,这将加快我国国有企业市场化改革的进程。国有企业在现代市场经济条件下有着特殊的职能、任务和特殊的利益,具有不可替代的特殊作用。但加入WTO后,对国有企业原有的优势造成了巨大的冲击。我国国有企业在经济全球化条件下,要加快战略调整,加快建立现代企业制度,培养一批具有国际竞争力的跨国公司。     

组织体罪责理念下单位故意的认定:以污染环境罪为例

我国理论通说和司法实践在认定单位犯罪时习惯以自然人的行为和意志为关联和前提,这种个体主义的思路存在诸多缺陷。单位既不能被还原为单个的自然人,也不是自然人的简单集合,组织结构、管理制度、经营方式等客观因素是单位的重要组成部分。单位具有独立的意志和刑事责任。需以整体主义的视角判断组织体罪责,单位犯意仍需区分故意与过失。单位故意是个体在单位内的决策机制或默认规则之作用下最终形成的意志,既有自然人意志的主观色彩,也深受单位客观因素的影响。从整体上把握单位的决策机制、管理制度的政策倾向、管理运营的惯常模式可以帮助认定单位故意。     

International Soft Law, Human Rights and Non-state Actors: Towards the Accountability of Transnational Corporations?

During this age of globalisation, the law is characterised by an ever diminishing hierarchical framework, with an increasing role played by non-state actors. Such features are also pertinent for the international enforceability of human rights. With respect to human rights, TNCs seem to be given broadening obligations, which approach the borderline between ethics and law. The impact of soft law in this context is also relevant. This paper aims to assess whether, and to what extent, this trend could be a proper path to enforce the legal accountability of transnational corporations for human rights. It will be argued that the interplay between law and ethics should be assessed differently depending on which kind of correlative duty is at stake. With regard to negative duties, soft law tools concerning TNCs’ conduct may weaken the impact of hard law. By contrast, when positive duties are concerned, insofar as the horizontal effect of rights cannot be assumed, soft law turns out to be much more useful.

When responsibility to protect ‘hits home’: the refugee crisis and the EU response

While the Syrian refugee crisis unravels at the EU’s doorstep and as the death toll in the Mediterranean continues unabated, questions about the international community’s duty to act on behalf of the afflicted people inevitably arise, thereby fuelling convoluted debates about Responsibility to Protect (R2P). In light of the international community’s inertia and of the EU’s incapacity to adequately manage the worst humanitarian crisis of recent times, this article argues that time is ripe to explore other ways to implement R2P. There is a ‘missing’ link between R2P and refugee protection and the duty to protect refugees can be framed within the R2P discourse. Building on the idea that asylum is central to the implementation of R2P, we suggest that the acknowledgment of the linkage between R2P and refugee protection is helpful not only to improve the EU management of the current crisis, but also to uphold R2P when the international community is at a stalemate.     

Moderat bevorzugt, extrem gewählt. Zum Zusammenhang von Präferenz und Wahlentscheidung in räumlichen Modellen sachfragenorientierten Wählens

This article demonstrates, on the basis of survey data from the 2005 German national election, that voters often systematically choose more extreme parties than warranted by their own preferences. Estimation of Grofman’s (1985) spatial discounting model reveals that party preference and vote decision follow different utility functions. Preferences turn out to be purely proximity driven, i. e. voters prefer parties with positions close to their own. Moving from preference to the vote of the top-ranked alternative, a devaluation of party positions and a significant shift in voter utility towards more extreme parties is observed. These results show that voter behaviour may change, even though voter preferences remain unchanged. Results also suggest that the remarkable success of FDP and Linke in the 2005 election is more likely due to shifting behaviour by moderate voters rather than to sweeping changes in the German electorate’s preferences toward welfare policy.