Gendering transnational radio: women listeners and the BBC Empire and Overseas Services, 1932–1967

ABSTRACT

The BBC World Service, today a respected broadcaster on the global stage, had its origins in the BBC Empire Service of the 1930s. Shortwave radio broadcasts from London explicitly targeted isolated white men in the geographically dispersed British colonies and dominions, with the intention of strengthening them in their imperial endeavours. BBC staff positioned women at the margins of programming and scheduling decisions. Yet for some women listeners radio was a crucial constitutive element of their multi-sensory empire (and post-empire) experience. This paper draws on the BBC Written Archives collection to explore the neglected topic of gender in relation to international broadcasting, focusing on how white women ‘exiles’ and settlers used and understood radio in their daily lives from the 1930s to the 1960s. BBC Overseas broadcasting, as the Empire and later General Overseas Services, provides a fruitful channel into further exploration of the gendered nature of the transnational domain, illustrating women's agency in the complex webs of empire.     

Working On,Through and Around the State: The Deep Marketisation of Development in the Asia-Pacific

Abstract

This article describes an important new push by international financial institutions towards broadening and deepening capitalist social relations in the underdeveloped world in ways well beyond Washington Consensus structural adjustment or even post-Washington Consensus forms of institutionally-oriented “participatory neo-liberalism.” Described here as the “deep marketisation of development” (or simply “deep marketisation”), this process is attracting increasing resources that are formally allocated directly to private actors around states, while also demanding and promoting shifts in state form and function that relate to cultivating “enabling environments” for capital and facilitating “access to finance.” The article begins by conceptualising deep marketisation and placing it in historical and political context. The second section presents examples of deep marketisation in action in the work of the World Bank's private sector arm, the International Finance Corporation, in the Asia-Pacific. The article concludes by highlighting some serious concerns with the deep marketisation agenda.     

试述清末川汉铁路公司的“大股东”——以利用股东会抗争为视角

清末川汉铁路公司实施租股政策,租股的征收额占川汉铁路股款总额的77.5％,是公司股本的最重要来源.这使得7000多万川人尽为公司股东,租股股东在实际上成为公司的大股东,享有绝对的控股权.租股作为一种融资模式,可有效地解决资金缺口.租股征收范围广泛,征收租股过程做了大量的广告宣传,促进了公司理念的传播.出资者不再单纯地认为自己是借款人,逐渐意识到自己是川汉铁路公司的“座上宾”,作为公司的股东享有股东权,他们学会运用股东会这个合法武器来保障自己的权利.     

How about me? The scope of personal information under the Australian Privacy Act 1988

A recent Australian Federal Court decision has raised the issue of the scope of information protected under the Australian Privacy Act 1988. The Court failed to adequately address this question, leaving Australians unsure as to whether sections of their information, such as the IP addresses allocated to their mobile devices, will be considered personal information under the Act. The main consideration the Court dealt with was what it means for information to be “about” an individual. In this paper I address two questions: a) how is information determined to be “about” an individual under the Act; and b) how should this determination be made in the future? I conclude that currently available guidance from the courts, the Australian Information Commissioner and scholarly commentary are inadequate to enable individuals, organisations and agencies to consistently make such determinations. Accordingly I draw on approaches to this question taken in Canada, New Zealand, the European Union and the United Kingdom to argue that the definition should be broadly interpreted in a technologically-aware manner. This will help to ensure that personal information is more comprehensively protected under the Privacy Act.     

公司律师制度若干问题研究

建立公司律师制度是中国企业适应国内和国际竞争的必然要求 ,也是进一步完善我国律师制度组织形式的客观需要。对公司律师宜采取双重管理的体制 ,并建立一套合理的流动机制 ;此外 ,还应提高公司律师在企业中的地位 ,明确设立公司律师与聘请社会律师的关系 ,并完善现行立法 ,以便使公司律师更好地发挥其职能。     

企业文化建设与企业核心竞争力分析

企业文化将全体员工的事业心和成功欲望化为具体的奋斗目标、信条和行为准则, 是员工积极性、创造性的根源, 未来企业之间的竞争将是文化的竞争。一个企业能否持续发展, 取决于其有无核心竞争力, 企业文化能够促进核心竞争力的形成和发展。企业文化通过企业战略、组织结构、企业制度、企业风格、企业技能塑造核心竞争力。     

企业价值的确定及其核心评价指标分析

在分析企业经营的基本目标的基础上,确定企业价值的一般性模型,并重点分析归纳出了影响企业价值的核心指标。其中,派息比率、贴现率、股息增长率和每股收益是决定企业市场价值大小的直接因素。因此,投资者和企业应该重点监控这几个指标的变化趋势,以便及时调整自己的投资或经营管理策略。     

Does the Millennium Challenge Corporation reinforce capitalist power structures or empower citizens?

In development practice, how does ‘mutual benefit’ accrue, and to whom? China criticises America for perpetuating capitalist power relations and claims it can seek a new geopolitical order based on South–South cooperation. Meanwhile, there has been an extraordinary shift of emphasis towards the private sector as a driver of development, but this shift is attracting increasing criticism. The Millennium Challenge Corporation (MCC) – the only development agency to grow in influence under the Trump administration – is evaluated in the light of these two key themes. Neither China nor the private sector is successful in achieving ‘mutual benefit’ for ordinary citizens – both replicate existing power inequalities. As with the rise of both China and the private sector, the MCC also enmeshes developing countries further into the existing neoliberal capitalist structures. However, the advantages of the agency should not be dismissed outright, as its Ruling Justly and Investing in People indicators can enhance the capacity of citizens to challenge these power structures themselves.     

法人理论之社会基础的更新:从社团到企业

传统法人理论以社团与合伙的二分为依据,以社团作为理论建模的基础,无法回应市民社会中发挥组织社会生产功能的企业的法律交往需求。德国学者针对合手合伙的群体理论和美国学者提出的资产区隔理论,均旨在将企业的独立财产作为企业独立性的核心构造,符合财产与自由关系的一般原理。企业的独立财产不仅有利于企业确立独立于企业所有者的企业目标,而且能够促成企业秩序和文化的形成。经济意义上的企业所有者仅是企业这种组织中不可或缺的一类成员,与企业依其财产获得的独立性并不矛盾。企业的所有权安排可能达成的数种均衡,在企业组织结构的稳定程度和企业独立性的程度上存在量的区分。以企业作为法人的社会基础和法学建构的原型,降低企业独立性的门槛、区分企业独立性的不同程度,能够为市场经济注入更多的财富、自治空间和活力,符合市民社会的基本要求和历史发展的进程,在世界范围内获得了实定法的认同和推动。