村民自治障碍及对策论(下)

本文为《村民自治的障碍与对策》的下篇——《对策论》。文中作者提出了完善立法、农村基层政权在农村村民自治中的准确定位、加快农村城镇化三个对策。完善立法的目的是加强村民的自治权和规范农村自治组织的行为 ;农村基层政权在农村村民自治中的准确定位目的是发挥农村基层政权在村民自治中的推动作用和救济作用 ;加快农村城镇化目的是建立农村村民自治的物质基础和培育村民的自治观念。     

ECJ rules on acts of “Extraction” that infringe database right

Four years from the European Court of Justice's seminal rulings on database right in the British Horseracing Board and Fixtures Marketing cases, the Court has once again looked at the extent of protection this right affords. The earlier decisions had suggested the right was weak, with many databases not qualifying for protection and the extent of infringement required being difficult to meet. However, the ECJ's recent ruling in the Directmedia case (C-304/07) handed down in late-2008 is more positive for database owners. Adopting the reasoning of the Advocate General, the ECJ has clarified the types of acts which can constitute infringement of database right and confirmed they are broad in scope. The outcome and implications of the ruling are discussed below.     

北京知识产权法院若干问题

北京知识产权法院的成立处于建立创新型国家与全面推进依法治国两个重要节点背景下,其建立不仅仅着眼于加强知识产权保护,支持创新驱动,更旨在以知识产权审判机制改革为先导,推动司法体制改革,促进依法治国。北京知识产权法院在法院设置、管理体制、审判机制上有诸多创新,这些为我国探索更为合理有效的知识产权审判体系提供了指引。     

把握“一个方针”和“三条对策”促进国际禁毒替代发展

云南境外缅掸邦第一、二特区是毒品种植、加工、贩运量最大 ,对毒品经济依赖性最强 ,对我国和国际社会危害最剧烈的两股势力。针对缅掸邦第二特区 (佤邦 )的毒品替代种植工作的现状 ,提出一些建议 :1、坚持“疏压结合 ,区别对待”2、把“三条政策” ,三管齐下 ,交替运用。切实做到 :1、加大政治规劝力度 ;2、有计划、有选择、有深度地打击境外毒枭 ;3、本着平等、有偿、互惠的原则 ,加强替代改植的统筹规划和政策性支持。     

国家赔偿法修改刍议

随着我国改革开放的飞速发展 ,我国社会生活的方方面面也都发生了深刻变化。社会生活日趋法律化、国际化 ,特别是我国加入了世贸组织后 ,上个世纪 90年代初制定的国家赔偿法自身存在的缺陷逐渐显露出来。这些问题是 :1、赔偿范围太窄 ;2、赔偿程序过于繁琐 ;3、赔偿方式和计算标准的规定多有不当。修改意见 :1、扩大赔偿范围 ;2、调整和简化赔偿程序 ;3、修改和补充赔偿方式和计算标准 ;4、完善国家追偿制度。     

两岸中小企业私募债券比较研究

本文针对两岸中小企业私募债券,从发展现状和制度法规两方面进行比较研究。研究结果表明：相较于大陆中小企业私募债券存在制度法规不健全、发债主体受限、风险大、透明度低、流动性低等问题,台湾地区建立了较为完备的体系,仅在转售和信息披露方面存在问题。最后,依据台湾地区的成功经验和不足,提出了进一步发展和完善大陆地区中小企业私募债券市场的建议。     

全面建成小康社会与社会救助水平的提升

我国社会救助发展源远流长,已形成以基本生活救助为核心,以专项救助与临时救助为主体的具有中国特色的社会救助法律体系。但从当前社会救助立法理论研究和实践运行来看,我国社会救助存在立法层次低、标准不科学、救助方式过于单一等问题。2020年是我国脱贫攻坚和全面建成小康社会的决胜之年,在新的历史时期,我们要更新救助理念,提升立法层次,设计科学的社会救助标准,逐步提升救助水平,发展建立多元化救助方式,利用现代化科技手段,理顺社会救助管理体系,提升管理效果。     

警察作证制度的理论推演与实证分析

警察作证是推进证人出庭作证制度完善的重要一环。证人的党派性不应成为证人能力限制的理由 ;警察作证的公务性有利于保障其证言的客观性。警察作证不仅有利于案件真实的发现和实体法律的正确适用 ,而且有利于激发刑事诉讼各方参与者的主动性 ,彰显程序自身的公正性 ,还可有力地约束警察的非法取证行为。警察作证的公务性、事后性、倾向性是警察证人与普通证人的区别所在     

‘Rioting in goatish embraces’: Marriage and improvement in early British Jamaica

Marriages were relatively infrequent among the white population of early British Jamaica. This article examines the ideological implications of the failure of whites to marry with sufficient regularity to ensure that white population increase would allow Jamaica to become a settler society on the British North American model. It looks, in particular, at the tendency of whites to live in irregular unions, either with other whites or with black or brown concubines, and the effect that such arrangements had on perceptions of white Jamaicans as especially immoral. It connects these views with other discourses on settler societies in which improvement and frequent marriage were linked.     

Credibility of the Emotional Witness: A Study of Ratings by Court Judges

Previous studies have shown that the emotional behavior displayed during testimony may affect the perceived credibility of the witness. The present study compares credibility ratings by Norwegian court judges with those made by lay people. The participants viewed one of three video-recorded versions of a rape victim's statement, role played by a professional actress. The statement was given in a free-recall manner with one of three kinds of emotions displayed, termed congruent, neutral, and incongruent emotional expression. The results show that, in contrast to lay people, the credibility ratings of court judges and their votes for a guilty verdict were not influenced by the emotions displayed by the witness. Results are discussed in terms of professional expertise.