我国违宪审查机构的模式选择

虽然我国目前建立违宪审查制度的条件还不成熟,但学者仍可探讨“将来”需要时,该机构的设置模式。根据我国国情,这一机构放在最高法院内较为合适,或设一个宪法庭,进行专门审查;或不设宪法庭,由各审判庭做附带性审查,但需辅之以宪法咨询;或就违宪审查案件组成特别陪审庭,陪审员可在学术性的宪法委员会成员以及社团代表或普通民众中产生。     

香港毒品问题现状

香港是中国的特别行政区,具有高度自治权,有着自己独立的司法制度.目前香港特区政府高度重视禁毒工作,切实加大了对禁毒工作的领导和支持,禁毒工作已经具备比较完善的法律制度,建立了较为完善的工作体系.     

启示与借鉴——以发达国家和地区房地产保有阶段税收法律制度为视角

2010年4月17日国务院下发了《关于坚决遏制部分城市房价过快上涨的通知》（国发〔2010〕10号）,要求：＂发挥税收政策对住房消费和房地产收益的调节作用。财政部、税务总局要加快研究制定引导个人合理住房消费和调节个人房产收益的税收政策。＂近一时期,有关开征物业税的信息沸沸扬扬,如上海要开征＂房产保有税＂,重庆开征＂特别房产消费税＂等。通过对一些发达国家和地区房地产保有阶段税收立法模式和具体制度设计的分析与比较,借鉴其先进的理念和成熟的实践经验,从而对我国房地产保有阶段税收法律制度的改革和完善提出要在原基础上整合与规范,要制定系列配套措施等建议。     

Breaking the Silence: Gender Mainstreaming and the Composition of the European Court of Justice

Why has it taken so long for member states to appoint women to the Court of Justice? Despite having won relatively significant policy instruments for equal treatment at work and high levels of legislative representation, women in the European Union have been slow to extend the demand for gender mainstreaming to courts. Prior to 1999, the Court of Justice had had one woman member until Ireland appointed Fidelma Macken in late 1999, and Germany appointed Ninon Colneric and Austria appointed Christine Stix-Hackl Advocate General in 2000.The 1995 U.N. meeting in Beijing was a catalyst for the demand for balanced participation of women and men in decision-making processes within the E.U., and it coincided with Sweden, Finland and Austria joining and championing the cause of gender equality. In 1999, the Commission published a report on women in the judiciary and women lawyers began to organize across Europe. After tracing the appointment process, I review the European Parliament's role in championing women on the Court and consider recent developments. Courts, particularly supranational and federal courts, are representative institutions even if their representative function differs from legislatures. Non-merit factors have always been a factor in judicial appointments and thus the demand for women on the bench is not a terrible deviation from merit. An all male bench is no longer legitimate. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

关于加强违宪审查机制的理论思考

中国社会的现实发展和一些重大案件引起了中国体制内司法专家有关违宪审查的请求 ,这是法治进程中的一个转折点。考察现代司法审查制度的理论依据与发展经验 ,包括美国违宪审查制度的发展 ,可为我们提供重要的借鉴。中国违宪审查制度有必要坚定不移地推进制度化、程序化和司法化 ,这是维护宪法权威的必由之路。     

中世纪英国陪审团制度成因探究

中世纪英国诉讼制度的根本变迁是陪审团制度在王室巡回法庭的建立。伴随王室巡回法庭在整个司法组织体系中主导地位的确立,陪审团成为关涉自由人诉讼的主要审判组织形式。通过考察中世纪英国社会各阶层的之间博弈、民众认知理性的发展等因素对审判组织形式变迁的影响,探析英国陪审团制度形成的基本动力要素,为我国的司法制度改革提供一些理性的思考。     

警力资源分类管理机制建设的探索与思考

在警力资源配置中引入分类管理机制,对进一步优化警力资源配置及实现其无增长改善,具有十分重要的意义。为此,必须探索和完善岗位分类制度、警力资源配置和流动机制、警力绩效考评机制、激励保障机制和警力辅助机制。     

The Place for Custody Evaluations in Family Peacemaking

Custody evaluations can serve the dual purpose of providing neutral, objective information to the court while also contributing to the possibility of earlier settlement, which coincides with the therapeutic jurisprudence goal of more positive outcomes for children and families. Research suggests that most cases settle after custody evaluations. However, most of the literature is focused on the use of custody evaluations for litigation. Evaluators, attorneys, and mental health consultants can influence parents to focus more on children's needs and less on their conflict as they go through the evaluation process. This article urges family courts to develop processes and require professionals to learn skills needed for an interdisciplinary process to utilize evaluations in peacemaking.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
• All custody evaluation processes should aim to reduce and/or shorten children's exposure to parental conflict.
• Evaluators, attorneys, and mental health professional consultants should use the evaluation process to influence parents to be more aware of their children's needs and less invested in their adversarial positions.
• Evaluators should learn to write and orally present information and state opinions with consideration of the parents themselves as consumers of the custody evaluation as well as the court.
• Attorneys and mental health professional consultants should help clients review the report, process their emotional reactions, and consider their options for settlement versus litigation in terms of emotional and financial costs to the family.
• Court processes should be developed to contain the time and cost of custody evaluations and provide dispute resolution after custody evaluations.

     

Family Peacemaking with an Interdisciplinary Team: A Therapist's Perspective

Interdisciplinary teams provide an unparalleled opportunity for peacemaking in families within the consensual dispute resolution continuum. This interdisciplinary environment was born out of the integration of Collaborative Law, in which lawyers limit the scope of their services to settlement by way of a signed agreement, and Collaborative Divorce, a team approach to divorce services that includes a lawyer for each party along with a Collaborative Divorce Coach for each party, a neutral financial specialist, and a neutral child specialist. Taken together, Interdisciplinary Collaborative Practice supports the resolution of legal issues out of court as well as addressing any emotional, relational, or behavioral problems that create obstacles to the successful resolution of the separation process.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
• Collaborative Practice creates legal representation in a consensual environment limiting services to settlement negotiations by way of a written agreement.
• The International Academy of Collaborative Professionals includes 5,000 members in twenty‐five countries.
• Legal representation in a consensual environment together with interdisciplinary teams create endless possibilities for dispute resolution processes.
• Collaborative Lawyers, Collaborative Divorce Coaches, child specialists, and financial specialists can create custom‐fit interdisciplinary teams that work together out of court to support families through marital transition.
• Interdisciplinary teams are family centric, bridging appropriate disciplines and resources to the needs of the family to address the vast majority of divorce‐related problems.
• Divorcing families are moving targets, learning and evolving through the process.
• Therapeutic teams support families with more complex relational, emotional, and mental health problems to find resolutions out of court.
• Divorce is a mainstream event in Western culture; we need supportive processes to encourage the best possible outcomes for all family members, especially the children.

     

日本知识产权高等法院研究

知识产权高等法院的设立是日本“知识产权立国”政策最大的亮点,其主要目的是建立技术类知识产权案件二审的专门法院,并设立了大合议、法院调查员和专门委员制度。由于特许厅在专利的数量控制上占优势,故特许厅的审判前置在确保专门性这一点上仍具有独立的价值。另一方面,知识产权高等法院为实现多元集中化进行了各种尝试,然而该尝试时常受到大合议的干扰,因此需要避免大合议过早干预,同时须处理好知识产权高等法院与最高法院的关系,形成良好的运行机制。