利他保险合同下任意解除权的利益失衡与解决路径

在利他保险合同下,我国保险法赋予投保人较强"任意性"的合同解除权,此造成被保险人或受益人保险金请求权的落空,有违"利他"之初衷。《保险法司法解释三》虽以被保险人或受益人的"赎买权"维系利他保险合同的存续,但却难以切实实施。借以行政法比例原则的适合性、必要性以及比例性三个子原则对投保人任意解除权制度予以审查,投保人任意解除权制度的目的虽然正当,但是所采取的手段与其目的不相匹配,应当对投保人任意解除权的行使进行限制。在我国的保险合同的框架下,当投保人与被保险人或受益人非为同一人时,尽管被保险人居于保险保障的核心地位,但对其合同利益的保护尚未达到足以突破合同相对性的程度,仍应以投保人作为合同当事人行使利他保险合同的解除权,且限于保险合同成立后至保险事故发生前行使。投保人解除利他保险合同前,应履行通知被保险人或受益人的义务,以满足被保险人或受益人对解除合同的知情权,从而保障被保险人或受益人"赎买权"。同时,投保人解除权的限制不仅仅包括对其积极解除合同行为的限制,还应当包括对其特定情形下消极不解除合同行为的限制,全面衡平利他保险合同下投保人、被保险人和受益人三方利益。     

我国诉讼保险制度构建探析简

目前,我国已经构建了帮助弱者的法律援助机制,但这种单一的权利救济方式由于其机制自身对受助者条件要求较高,难以满足全体公民的需要.国外的经验表明,诉讼可以与商业化的保险相结合,从而缓解公民不断增加的诉讼需求与司法资源有限两者之间的矛盾.因此,诉讼保险制度在我国日益引起重视,但诉讼保险制度的移植并非易事,需要对该项制度进行反复考察,只有建立起适合我国国情的诉讼保险制度,才能更好地推进我国法治建设的发展.     

基于信用体系建设的农村社会治理创新——山东省荣成市的实践探索与启示

农村基层党组织弱化、民心涣散、风气不正等问题,成为当前基层社会治理的一大难题。山东省荣成市通过“机构、政策、氛围”三位一体、“村居、干部、村民”三位一体、“信息采集、考核、公示”三位一体、“奖励守信、惩戒失信、信用修复”三位一体、“信用+工作、信用+奖励、信用+服务”三位一体的农村信用体系建设,找到了提高群众道德水平、增强村居凝聚力、提升农村社会治理水平的有效抓手,其经验有较强的示范作用。     

Tort,Insurance and Ideology: Further Thoughts

This article explores the impact of insurance arrangements on the development of the law of obligations. It is accepted orthodoxy that the existence or otherwise of a duty of care in tort should be determined independently of the parties' underlying insurance arrangements. This article suggests that the traditional analysis is of limited value only, in that it fails to take full account of contractual arrangements which rest upon risk allocation backed by insurance; of the circumstances in which duties of care may arise; and of the relevance of insurance to the determination of the standard of care and causation principles. It is further suggested that insurance has a much greater part to play in the spreading of losses arising out of private suits than has to date been fully appreciated.     

英国有关海上保险法的最新修改议案及对中国的借鉴

为通过法律平衡被保险人和保险人之间的利益,反映现代保险实务的需要以及保证保险合同双方明确各自的权利和义务,英国法律委员会与苏格兰法律委员会自2006年起将保险合同法的审查和修改提上日程。法律委员会通过发布咨询文件的形式提出修改涉及英国《1906年海上保险法》多个重要条款的保险合同法的方案。整个法律修改项目预计于2012年完成,届时英国海上保险法会有很大程度的改变。通过介绍英国海上保险法的修改,为中国海商法相关问题的修改提供参考和借鉴。     

反思交强险费率与交通违章挂钩——问题出在哪里?

保监会制定的《机动车交通事故责任强制保险费率浮动暂行办法》规定"保险费率与交通事故挂钩"。这一规定为保险费率与交通违章挂钩今后的"复活"埋下了伏笔。这种做法偏离了机动车交通事故责任强制保险的目的与宗旨,扭曲了交强险费率浮动机制的功能和本来的作用,有偏离法律法规的规定之嫌,且偏离了科学合理的原则。其实质是借用行政权力来强迫人们交纳不科学不合理的交强险费用。     

物权请求权与债权请求权的趋近－以不作为债务的强制履行为考察点

本文通过介绍和分析英美国家、大陆法系的德国以及日本的法律实践中 ,不作为请求权在契约领域的适用 ,得出物权请求权与债权请求权在实现方式上的趋近 ,并进而得出财产法中的物权与债权的二分法的局限性。     

债权让与制度若干问题研究

债权让与是债法上的一项重要制度 ,它还与物权法和不当得利等制度密切相关。我国合同法规定 ,当事人约定债权不得转让的 ,按约定。对约定的效力作这样的肯定是值得质疑的。它与当前国外的趋向不符 ,不适应市场经济发展的需要。有关债权让与制度的概念、构成要件、法律效力等问题 ,均应从理论上作深入探讨     

Reconstructing Insurance Law: The Law Commissions' Consultation Paper

In July 2007 the English and Scottish Law Commissions published the consultation paper Insurance Law – Non-disclosure and Breach of Warranty (hereafter LCCP) which sets out in detail the Commissions' provisional proposals for the reform of insurance contract law with particular reference to the key areas of utmost good faith, warranties and agency. This article analyses, from a critical standpoint, the LCCP's principal conclusions and recommendations. It begins by noting, as a means of demonstrating that the current reform process should be informed by modern industry practices, that the ways in which modern insurance contracts are concluded differ significantly from those when insurance law was last reviewed by the Law Commission in 1980. The article then discusses the dichotomy between consumer and business insurance given that this distinction underpins the LCCP and its approach towards reforming the pre-contractual duty of good faith. By way of backdrop to the analysis, we consider the approach taken towards reforming the law governing intermediaries acting for prospective assureds during the disclosure process. Finally, the proposed rules for warranties and similar terms are examined. It is argued that the proposal to retain continuing warranties in business insurance contracts will, if implemented, represent a missed opportunity to rid insurance contracts of terms long criticised as draconian and disproportionate in their effect.     

建国以来我国职工生活保障状况回顾

职工生活保障问题， 历来是各级工会十分关心和重视的问题。该文通过对５０年来历史的回顾， 以大量的实例、数据， 从就业保障、收入保障、社会保险和生活福利四个方面， 展现了我国职工生活保障走过的路程和取得的显著成绩