我国地方政府信用缺失的治理对策研究

在对杭州市15名地方政府干部的非结构式和半结构式访谈基础上,设计了一份“我国地方政府信用缺失的治理对策”的问卷调查表,对浙江省185名地方政府干部进行了问卷调查。在对有效调查问题的隶属度分析基础上,提出了加强社会信用的法制化管理、加快地方政府职能的转变、建立科学的地方政府绩效评价体系、完善对地方政府的行政监督机制、健全行政责任追究制度、实施政务公开和阳光行政等治理我国地方政府信用缺失的六项对策,并对各项治理对策进行了深入细致的分析。在此基础上,结合本课题组前期的研究成果构建了我国地方政府信用缺失成因—治理对策的结构模型,最后提出了研究展望。     

The Demise of Tax Credits

Introduced in the late 1990s, tax credits grew under successive Labour governments to become a cornerstone of UK social policy. Distinguished from traditional welfare policies by their target group and their mode of administration, and with goals that appeared capable of commanding support across the ideological spectrum, tax credits until recently seemed to hold the key to tackling poverty in a politically popular manner. But since 2010 the tax credit system has been systematically dismantled, initially qualitatively and latterly also quantitatively. This paper discusses the multiple factors that help to explain the rapid fall from grace in the UK of this liberal approach to supporting the incomes of poor working households.     

Comment on Kerry D. Vandell's “FHA restructuring proposals: Alternatives and implications”

Abstract

New Orleans, a highly segregated city with low homeownership, experienced a tremendous number of housing foreclosures between 1985 and 1990. This study highlights the process and impact of foreclosure in the urban housing market, which contributes to an understanding of their impact on the spatial structure of the city. Two aspects of foreclosure are examined: the differential impacts of foreclosure on low‐income and African‐American householders and changes in socioeconomic conditions (neighborhood change and the spatial structure of the city) resulting from foreclosure.

Conventional wisdom holds that urban neighborhood transformation is driven largely by white flight. The data presented in this article suggest a counterhypoth‐esis. Middle‐income professional whites employed in businesses impacted by recession who had recently bought housing with high loan‐to‐value ratios were forced to sell or have their houses foreclosed upon. The depressed market, in turn, made such housing affordable to middle‐class blacks interested in homeownership. Thus, black economic opportunity, rather than white flight, dramatically transformed the racial composition of many New Orleans East neighborhoods.     

Assessing the Impact of Microcredit: A Zambian Case Study

Expectations are high, but evidence of the impact of microcredit remains in short supply. This article estimates the impact of an urban credit programme in Zambia on business performance and on a range of indicators of wellbeing. Borrowers who obtained a second loan experienced significantly higher average growth in business profits and household income. Inflexible group enforcement of loan obligations resulted in some borrowers, especially amongst those who had taken only one loan, being made worse off. Our methodological investigations suggest that the supply of rigorous impact studies can be increased by basing them on data collection that serves a wider range of purposes, including market research.     

失信联合惩戒的地方立法实践及反思

作为一种核心机制,失信联合惩戒在社会信用体系的构建中发挥着无法替代的功能,对于营造诚信的社会经济环境意义重大。实证分析显示,囿于全国性法律的暂时缺失,地方立法在先行先试的过程中出现对失信联合惩戒制度本身的规制缺位、失信行为的种类划分标准参差不齐、失信主体的救济措施缺失以及失信联合惩戒体系互异等现实难题。对此,应当以合法原则、后果与行为相当、必要限度以及责任自负为基本遵循,通过明确区分标准,将失信行为分门别类,完善立法设计,建立失信主体救济机制以及加强法律控制,对相关法律文件进行合法性审查,推进社会信用法律出台,构建统一的失信联合惩戒体系等举措,完善社会信用体系建设,助推国家治理法治化进程。     

关于精神损害抚慰金在交强险赔偿中问题的探讨

明确交强险的立法目的和性质,严格限制精神损害抚慰金的范围,将精神损害抚慰金纳入交强险中优先赔偿,既符合法律的规定,也是当事人合同意思自治的结果,既体现了民事赔偿的公平、公正原则,兼顾了保险人与被保险人的合法权益,更保护了受害人的利益.     

审前羁押的诉讼保全属性

非法羁押、超期羁押问题的凸现,深层次的原因是传统刑事诉讼理论与实践仅注重了刑事诉讼的特殊性,而对审前羁押属性的定位不准确。从法哲学的角度反思传统审前羁押属性理论,重新审视刑事诉讼的诉讼共性,将审前羁押属性定位为诉讼保全,更有利于理清程序原理、完善刑诉立法,提高侦查、检察人员的程序正义意识,保障被追诉主体的人权。     

关于公司福利计划中企业年金和团体寿险选择的探讨

我国企业在确定员工福利计划中两者的选择时,要充分考虑企业本身的性质、规模、组织结构,企业的经济实力、财务稳定性、员工流动性等因素,结合设立员工福利计划的出发点和偏重点,参考具有可比性的企业的计划设计,寻找最佳收益方案。而且,在计划确定后,还要定期让员工对计划进行评估,收集各方意见反馈,不断修正。     

保险诈骗犯罪的认定

保险诈骗罪是从普通诈骗罪中分立出来的新型经济犯罪,它保留了普通诈骗犯罪的一些共同特征,又表现出其自身的特点。鉴于保险诈骗犯罪认定过程的复杂性,应该对这种犯罪所具有的犯罪特点、犯罪构成以及认定过程中存在的难点进行认真分析,以此为司法机关在实践中准确打击日益猖獗的保险诈骗犯罪提供帮助。     

我国工伤保险制度的重大发展与理念创新

《社会保险法》以及新《工伤保险条例》对我国工伤保险制度作了重大发展,扩大了工伤保险的适用范围,调整了工伤认定的范围,简化了工伤处理程序,提高了工伤待遇标准,增加了工伤保险基金的支出项目,减少了停止享受工伤保险待遇的情形,规定了工伤保险基金先行支付和追偿制度,规定了第三人侵权的工伤医疗费用支付,明确了工伤保险基金的统筹层...