The case of the missing victims: Gunshot woundings in the National Crime Survey

National Crime Survey (NCS) data yield an estimate that 171,000 Americans were nonfatally shot in criminal assaults, robberies, and rapes for the period 1973–1979. Comparing this estimate with the number of firearms homicides during this period suggests either that the death rate in gunshot cases is very high (over 1/3) or that the NCS estimate is low. Based on police-generated data appropriate to estimating the true death rate from gunshot wounds, it appears that the NCS estimate is low by a factor of about 3.0 compared with the number of criminal gunshot woundings known to the police. It is common knowledge that survey-based estimates of assault rates tend to be relatively unreliable, a fact that has been attributed to problems with respondents being willing and able to recall threats, fist fights, and other minor assaults. The current result indicates that the estimation problem is not limited to minor assaults. There is reason to think that the underestimate of gunshot woundings is the result of problems with the NCS sample as well as problems with respondent cooperation.     

串通拍卖行为的刑法规制及其立法完善--对一起恶意串通拍卖案件的实证分析

串通投标与串通拍卖是两个不同的法律概念,其外延并无包容或交叉关系,二者在标的、目的、社会危害程度、适用法律等方面均有一定的区别."串通投标情节严重的应追究刑事责任"是我国刑法的明文规定,但我国刑法并未明确规定串通拍卖的行为构成犯罪,因此不宜将串通拍卖行为认定为串通投标罪.对于串通拍卖的行为,一般依照<拍卖法>由工商行政管理部门给予行政处罚即可;但对于具有严重社会危害性的串通拍卖行为并构成犯罪的,应当按照非法经营罪或者合同诈骗罪定罪处罚.     

Finger in the Dyke or the Floodgates Stemmed? Sections 29–40 of the Employment Act 2002

This article considers Sections 29–40 of the Employment Act 2002 in the context of post-War developments in labour relations culminating in the National Industrial Relations Court. It considers the development of Employment Tribunal which rather than being the last resort intended by the legislators, has become the first resort of complainants, often for trivial matters by employees; or by employers taking an extremely broad view of Gross Misconduct by employees. Due to the volume of cases and the shortage of Chairs, cases are constantly delayed and postponed. The article posits that these are the principle reason behind the framing of Sections 29–40 of the Employment Act 2002 which introduced a new Section 9(1)(a) into the Employment Tribunals Act 1995. This has given the Chair of an Employment Tribunal the authority to strike out a weak case at a Pre-Hearing Review that will strike the case out once and for all at this juncture. The aim is to encourage employers to have proper procedures and for employees to follow them. This article suggests that in fact the reforms will have the opposite effect; that they have introduced another layer of legal complexity which will further increase the number of cases brought before the Employment Tribunal.     

犯罪概念及其特征的结构分析

犯罪是事实特征与法律特征的统一,也是内容特征和形式特征的统一。事实特征或者说内容特征,并不仅限于社会危害性,而是社会危害性这一个质的因素与应受刑罚处罚性(简称当罚性或应罚性)这一个量的因素的统一。法益侵害与社会危害性具有相通性。     

论我国抽象行政行为的司法审查

对抽象行政行为进行司法审查是各国政治体制中分权制约原则的具体体现,也是司法权监督制约行政权的重要方式。笔者认为,我国现行行政诉讼立法已经确立了中国特色的对抽象行政行为的司法审查制度。然而,我国现行对抽象行政行为的司法审查,只是间接的、附带的和有限的司法审查,并不适应我国民主与法治建设的需要。因此,我们必须从思想观念、法律规范、组织体制、制度程序和人员素质等方面予以健全和发展。     

教唆犯在实行过限中的刑事责任认定简

实行过限是伴随共同犯罪的发生而出现的一种特殊犯罪形态.根据过限的范围,—般可分为质的过限、量的过限和转化的过限.目前学界在教唆犯实行过限的认定上提出了超出教唆故意说、未预见说和教唆类型区分说,以其中任何一种学说作为认定过限的唯一标准并不可取.认定教唆犯才在实行过限中的刑事责任应根据主客观相一致的原理,以超出教唆故意说为基本原则,综合运用未预见说和教唆类型区分说予以应对教唆犯罪中实行过限的各种复杂情形.     

浅析中国(上海)自由贸易试验区建设潜在犯罪风险及防范对策简

2013年783日，国务院正式批准建设中国（上海）自由贸易试验区。上海自贸区在试点更加宽松、自由、开放的金融、贸易、投资政策的同时，也给上海公安工作特别是上海公安经侦工作带来严峻挑战。为此，公安机关必须从主动发现、主动预警、主动防控的角度，研判上海自贸区建设进程中可能出现的风险问题，从金融、商贸、涉税等领域分析自贸区可能多发的经济犯罪，并在此基础上，从法律法规、行政管理和刑事打击三个层面，提出预警性、延伸性的打防策略和政策性、体制性、机制性的工作建议，以期为相关职能部门堵漏补缺提供参考，更好地服务改革发展大局、服务上海自贸区建设。     

有组织犯罪侦查策略与方法——从主动型侦查角度切入

随着经济的发展和社会的进步,犯罪形态也发生着巨大变化,尤其是从计划经济到市场经济转轨带来人们价值观念、行为方式的变化,使得行为人的个体行为往往借助群体力量而达到犯罪目的,由此有组织犯罪呈现增长趋势。犯罪形态的变化迫使侦查方式由对个体行为的被动侦查向有组织犯罪的主动侦控转变,侦查模式也相应发生变化。从主动侦查角度切入,对于分析研究有组织犯罪侦查策略具有重大的现实意义。     

非法拘禁作为战争罪在非国际武装冲突中适用的探究

作为国际法的一个分支，国际人道法旨在保护未参与或不再参与敌对行动的人员，并限制作战手段和方法的使用，因此。国际人道法也被称为战争法或武装冲突法。在国际人道法的传统理论观点中，非国际性武装冲突中的平民面对非法拘禁时不受人道法的保护。回顾1995年前南国际法庭上诉庭在塔迪奇一案中的判决所建立的标准，无论是国际武装冲突还是非国际性武装冲突保，面对非法拘禁时，平民均应受到人道法保护。