网吧管理与未成年人犯罪的实证分析

透过未成年人与网络互动关系的分析,可以发现未成年人犯罪与网吧管理之间存在多项内在关联。网吧建设中的制度性缺陷与管理手段的松散致使网吧成为未成年人犯罪的主要犯罪场所,为了保护未成年人合法权益且减少未成年人犯罪的发生,综合性地加强网吧管理是必然选择。     

白领犯罪及防治策略研究

随着社会的进步与经济的发展,白领犯罪日益增多,极大地损害了我国的经济运行秩序,恶化了经济环境,造成了社会信用危机。针对白领犯罪,我国要根据犯罪形势发展,进一步完善立法,建立严密的防范体系,采取多种类、全方位的措施,从根本上减少和避免白领犯罪的发生。     

证据法学的理论基础

证据法学是研究证据规则的学科,它是以诉讼活动为基础并存在于诉讼活动中的,以刑事诉讼为例,刑事诉讼活动是一种认识活动,受认识论的指导,因此,证据法学也是以认识论为其理论基础的。另一方面,程序正义论也是证据法学的理论基础,只不过认识论与程序正义论处于不同层次而已,证据法学的理论基础是以认识论为原则,以程序正义论为例外。     

Differentiation between drug use and environmental contamination when testing for drugs in hair

Personality disorders are associated with criminality and antisocial and borderline personalities as strong predictors of violence. Nevertheless antisocial patients show more instrumental violence, while borderline patients more emotional violence. We surveilled medical records of a personality disorder facility, searching data of aggression and crimes against property among 11 patients with antisocial personality disorder and 19 borderline personality disorder. We found that there are differences regarding engagement in violence and lawbreaking according to the personality disorder: antisocial patients statistically engage more in crimes against property than the borderline patients, and more in this kind of crime than in aggression, whilst borderline patients show a tendency to engage more in episodes of aggression and physical violence than antisocial patients, and less in crimes against property. We conclude that the distinct personality leads to a distinct pattern of crimes and violence: antisocial patients are cold and get more involved in crimes requiring more detailed planning, whilst borderline patients are impulsive and engage in explosive episodes of physical violence. Further studies on the association among personality disorder, behavior pattern and violence type may be useful for both treatment and criminal profiling.     

Using State Child Labor Laws to Identify the Causal Effect of Youth Employment on Deviant Behavior and Academic Achievement

On the basis of prior research findings that employed youth, and especially intensively employed youth, have higher rates of delinquent behavior and lower academic achievement, scholars have called for limits on the maximum number of hours per week that teenagers are allowed to work. We use the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997 to assess the claim that employment and work hours are causally related to adolescent problem behavior. We utilize a change model with age-graded child labor laws governing the number of hours per week allowed during the school year as instrumental variables. We find that these work laws lead to additional number of hours worked by youth, which then lead to increased high school dropout but decreased delinquency. Although counterintuitive, this result is consistent with existing evidence about the effect of employment on crime for adults and the impact of dropout on youth crime.

The Impact of the 1994 Federal Assault Weapon Ban on Gun Violence Outcomes: An Assessment of Multiple Outcome Measures and Some Lessons for Policy Evaluation

The Federal Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994 bans a group of military-style semiautomatic firearms (i.e., assault weapons) and ammunition magazines capable of holding more than 10 rounds. Ban advocates argue that these weapons are particularly dangerous because they facilitate the rapid firing of high numbers of shots. Though the banned guns and magazines were used in only a modest fraction of gun crimes before the law, it was hypothesized that a decrease in their use might reduce gunshot victimizations, particularly those involving multiple wounds and/or victims. In response to a Congressional mandate for an impact assessment of the law, this study utilized national and local data sources and a variety of analytical techniques to examine the ban's short-term impact on gun violence. The ban may have contributed to a reduction in gun homicides, but a statistical power analysis of our model indicated that any likely impact from the ban will be very difficult to detect statistically for several more years. We found no evidence of reductions in multiple-victim gun homicides or multiple-gunshot wound victimizations. The findings should be treated cautiously due to the methodological difficulties of making a short-term assessment of the ban and because the ban's long-term effects could differ from the short-term impacts revealed by this study.     

赌博关联犯罪的认定与处理

近年来,我国赌博犯罪势头高涨,危害性日益增大。赌博犯罪往往诱发其他各类犯罪,产生赌博关联犯罪。由于赌博犯罪与相关关联犯罪错综交织、互相推动,因此对赌博关联犯罪的认定就显得更加困难和复杂。     

增强型计算机取证程序模式的构建

近年来,计算机犯罪呈持续增长势头,但由于缺乏证据证明,只有不到百分之二的此类案件的犯罪分子受到法律制裁,这说明证据获取的关键阶段——计算机取证工作存在漏洞。计算机取证程序是计算机取证的核心,忽略或"交换"任何一个步骤都会影响取证工作的完整性,导致错误结论的产生。同样,不合理或不充分的计算机取证活动将会造成无罪之人蒙冤、有罪之人逍遥法外等恶果。我们分析了现有几种计算机取证程序模式及其所存在的缺陷,并以集中型计算机取证程序模式为基础,提出了一种新型的计算机取证程序模式——增强型计算机侦查取证模式,以期对以计算机取证程序的规范化有所裨益。     

论禁止双重危险原则中的同一性问题——以美国法律实践为视角

禁止双重危险原则是刑事诉讼中保障被告人合法权益的重要制度设计。美国法院在执行这一原则时先后使用了同一要素标准、同一行为标准及同一证据标准。之所以出现如此反复,是美国司法实践在犯罪事实及刑罚对象认识方面不断深化的结果。我国刑事司法应当借鉴关国在禁止双重危险原则之同一性问题上的司法经验,合理优化吸收犯与牵连犯理论,落实罪刑相适应原则。