IMPACT OF VICTIMIZATION ON RESIDENTIAL MOBILITY: EXPLAINING RACIAL AND ETHNIC PATTERNS USING THE NATIONAL CRIME VICTIMIZATION SURVEY

Criminal victimization is known to influence households’ moving decisions, but theories suggest that the processes leading to a moving decision can vary across racial and ethnic groups. Drawing from current literature, we hypothesized that victimization would have a stronger effect on moving decisions for Whites than for Blacks or Hispanics, and that racial/ethnic residential segregation would moderate the impact of victimization on mobility. Using a longitudinal sample of 34,134 housing units compiled from the National Crime Victimization Survey for the 40 largest metropolitan areas in the United States (1995–2003), we found results that both support and contradict the hypotheses. Specifically, White residents display consistent evidence that victimization is a significant predictor of household mobility. Blacks and Hispanics, in contrast, are more varied in their moving behavior after victimization. In addition, significant differences exist among these groups in responses to victimization and in how mobility is influenced by residential segregation. Higher levels of residential segregation play a part in the victimization–mobility relationship among Blacks in a way that is more complex than we hypothesized.     

Area Differences and Time Trends in Crime Reporting: Comparing New York with Other Metropolitan Areas

Police measures of crime are shaped by victims’ decisions to notify the police. To obtain a better understanding of US crime trends, this study uses the National Crime Victimization Survey to examine geographic differences and temporal trends in crime reporting in New York and other metropolitan areas for the period 1979-2004. We find that net of crime characteristics and survey methodology, the New York metropolitan area showed fewer increases in crime reporting than did other metropolitan areas. These divergent trends suggest that the real differences in the drop of nonlethal violence between New York and other areas may have been smaller than those indicated by police-based crime statistics. We also find that from the early 1990s to 2004, New York showed a sharp decrease in the likelihood of victims perceiving that “police wouldn’t help.” This trend suggests that police reforms in New York City have not resulted in more victims using police-related reasons to explain their nonreporting behavior. Instead, researchers need to develop a broader theoretical framework (not an exclusive focus on police actions) to understand how police- and nonpolice-related factors may explain the geographic variation in the trends of reporting observed in this study.     

Swedish crime scene technicians: facilitations,epistemic frictions and professionalization from the outside

ABSTRACT

This article investigates the role of crime scene technicians in the Swedish criminal justice system, and particularly how Swedish crime scene technicians not only examine crime scenes but also facilitate the criminal justice system’s joint production of forensic evidence. It proposes thinking about the criminal justice system as a conglomeration of epistemic cultures, that is, of communities with different ways of producing and understanding forensic evidence. Such a perspective makes it possible to understand interprofessional frictions as epistemic frictions as well as to draw attention to the facilitations, mediations and translations that crime scene technicians perform. This perspective also makes it possible to illuminate how the crime scene technicians’ professionalization – a professionalization from the outside – affects both their future crime scene work and their facilitations.     

由青少年严重刑事犯罪的现场透视其犯罪心理

青少年严重刑事犯罪已经引起有关专家学者的高度重视,但是其现场特征及由此折射出的青少年犯罪心理却常被人们所忽视。因此,有必要透过青少年严重刑事犯罪的现场,分析其犯罪心理的产生、特点,并在此基础上提出矫正建议。     

艾滋病人违法问题现状及解决方法初探

随着艾滋病的流行,艾滋病人犯罪已屡见不鲜,而对于艾滋病犯罪难以立法、难以收押、难已量刑已成为这一重大社会问题的瓶颈。本文通过对艾滋病违法犯罪成因及现状分析,指出了艾滋病犯罪问题面临的困难,并对艾滋病收押情况进行了综述,最后对解决艾滋病犯罪问题进行了初探。     

Russia’s economic policy in 2015–2016: the imperative of structural reform

In the aftermath of the global economic crisis, we have seen uneven development in the leading advanced and emerging economies, new models of economic growth that vary from country to country, uncertain prospects for globalization and challenges of “regional globalization,” looming currency re-configurations, as well as shifting energy price dynamics and their influence on political and economic prospects of particular states. This paper discusses current challenges for social and economic policy in the context of the history of the past 30 years. With reference to Russia, it focuses on a new growth model, structural transformation (including import-substitution issues), economic dynamics, fiscal and monetary concerns, and social issues. It concludes by addressing the priorities of economic policy.     

试论法人在我国刑事诉讼中的地位与作用

作为法律上的一种抽象人格,法人不仅是民事主体,同样可以成为刑事主体。法人犯罪已被正式纳入我国刑法典之中。法人在刑事诉讼中,可以作为犯罪嫌疑人、被告人,同样也可以以被害人、证人、鉴定人、法定代理人的身份参与刑事诉讼,享有其应有的诉讼权利并承担相应的诉讼义务。其在刑事诉讼中的地位和作用 不容忽视。     

引领:社会主义核心价值体系的关键词

主导与引领有着本质的不同。引领必须从隐匿在主导的影子中游离出来,才能使主导增强针对性,也为引领性与多样性关系进入正轨提供条件。当代中国不能以社会主义核心价值体系去主导、而只能去引领社会思潮。社会主义核心价值体系引领社会思潮有两个层次:一是社会主义意识形态领域的引领,二是非社会主义意识形态领域的引领。必须要体现人文精神的时代特征、时代精神的人文特征和得到大多数人的认同,并注重对耻感的张扬。     

现行经济犯罪初查制度瓶颈的突破与完善

当前,经济犯罪初查制度面临诸项瓶颈,原因是立案条件过高,初查难以达到证明标准;现有初查手段有限且受限制过多,难以应对经济犯罪初查的复杂形势;初查行为性质法律界定不明,讼争纷纭。故此,应对经济犯罪初查制度进行司法性改良;解构当前的程序顺位,重建经济犯罪初查制度;构建司法审查机制,重构经济犯罪初查的支撑体系。     

论我国经济犯罪刑罚体系的重构

以“依法从严打击经济犯罪”为指导,我国对经济犯罪的刑事立法取向上采取了重刑主义,但是“厉而不严”的刑罚体系以其超量的刑罚投入却无法达到预定的理想效果,昭示出了现行刑罚体系的无能为力。应采取民事、行政、刑事制裁相协调,编织一张严密的法网,废除死刑,慎用自由刑,扩大经济刑的适用,完善罚金刑的执行方式,增设限禁或剥夺业务活动的资格刑等方式,重构我国经济犯罪刑罚体系。