北京城区逆温气象特征及其对大气污染的影响

逆温是制约北京城区大气污染的主要污染气象条件.文中针对北京城区逆温气象特征和大气污染状况,采取对比分析和相关分析,探讨逆温对大气污染的影响关系及污染物排放量削减措施.     

Experimental and casework validation of ambient temperature corrections in forensic entomology

This paper expands on Archer (J Forensic Sci 49, 2004, 553), examining additional factors affecting ambient temperature correction of weather station data in forensic entomology. Sixteen hypothetical body discovery sites (BDSs) in Victoria and New South Wales (Australia), both in autumn and in summer, were compared to test whether the accuracy of correlation was affected by (i) length of correlation period; (ii) distance between BDS and weather station; and (iii) periodicity of ambient temperature measurements. The accuracy of correlations in data sets from real Victorian and NSW forensic entomology cases was also examined. Correlations increased weather data accuracy in all experiments, but significant differences in accuracy were found only between periodicity treatments. We found that a >5°C difference between average values of body in situ and correlation period weather station data was predictive of correlations that decreased the accuracy of ambient temperatures estimated using correlation. Practitioners should inspect their weather data sets for such differences.     

Comparison of GSR Composition Occurring at Different Locations Around the Firing Position

Abstract: Variations in gunshot residue (GSR) compositions are used in the reconstruction of shooting incidents. In this study, GSR samples taken from seven different locations around and in the firearm were collected and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X‐ray analysis. Four different types of ammunition were applied. Very low correlations were found when different ammunition were used. This clearly shows that it is possible to differentiate between ammunition types. When the same ammunition was used, high correlations were found between samples taken from external positions (such as hands of shooter, bullet‐entrance holes) but poor correlation was found between internal samples (such as firearm barrel, cartridge case) and external samples. A high degree of association was found between samples that simulated victim and shooter. These findings clearly demonstrate that GSR comparison studies are meaningful but care needs to be taken when choosing suitable exhibits. External samples (such as hands of shooter, bullet‐entrance holes) are more suitable candidates than internal samples (barrel of the firearm, cartridge case).     

相声艺术的群落认同及文化想象

传统相声艺术作为民间文化中笑的艺术,其快乐的本质是一种伦理幸福,也是中国传统文化对相声进行渗透、提升的结果。面对新生意识形态的文化认同构成解放后＂舞台＂新相声的基本艺术冲动,＂家-国想象＂是舞台时代相声艺术实现成功认同的核心机制。进入上世纪90年代,相声在＂回归剧场＂中开始重建多元认同。当前,电视情景喜剧不仅实现了相声在消费时代的＂日常认同再生产＂,更重要的是为相声艺术的产业发展提供了驱动性的媒介经济新框架。     

高职学生英语自我效能感与学习策略运用情况的相关性研究

本研究采用调查问卷法,对北京市某高职院校372名学生英语自我效能感与其学习策略运用情况进行调查。研究结果发现自我效能与学习策略之间呈显著的正相关关系,表明了学生的自我效能感越强,越能够有效地使用英语学习策略。此外,还对如何提高学生的英语学习自我效能,进而改善英语学习策略的使用提高英语水平提出了合理化建议。     

Adapting the Chumbley Score to Match Striae on Land Engraved Areas (LEAs) of Bullets,

The same‐source problem remains a major challenge in forensic toolmark and firearm examination. Here, we investigate the applicability of the Chumbley method (J Forensic Sci, 2018, 63, 849; J Forensic Sci, 2010, 55, 953) (10,12), developed for screwdriver markings, for same‐source identification of striations on bullet LEAs. The Hamby datasets 44 and 252 measured by NIST and CSAFE (high‐resolution scans) are used here. We provide methods to identify parameters that minimize error rates for matching of LEAs, and a remedial algorithm to alleviate the problem of failed tests, while increasing the power of the test and reducing error rates. For 85,491 land‐to‐land comparisons (84,235 known nonmatches and 1256 known matches), the adapted test does not provide a result in 176 situations (originally more than 500). The Type I and Type II error rates are 7.2% (6105 out of 84,235) and 21.4% (271 out of 1256), respectively. This puts the proposed method on similar footing as other single‐feature matching approaches in the literature.     

人体内血醇浓度变化及其影响因素分析

目的探索饮酒后人体内血醇浓度(BAC)变化及其影响因素,建立BAC代谢的数学模型。方法采用顶空气相色谱氢火焰离子化检测器和内标曲线法测量酒后人体内的BAC,利用SPSS20.0和R软件对数据进行相关性分析并建立数学模型。结果女性的平均BAC消除速率为9.54mg/100m L/h,男性的平均BAC消除速率为12.19mg/100m L/h,女性消除速率小于男性,并且BAC消除速率与性别中等相关,与体重强相关,与年龄无关。通过构建混合效应模型可以准确的预测BAC,该模型的平均绝对误差(MAE)为1.60mg/100m L,其次利用决策树分析数据,其MAE为9.99mg/100m L。结论饮酒后人体内BAC消除速率与性别、体重有关,通过时间、饮酒量、性别、体重建立混合效应模型可以准确推断BAC。     

The Automation of Regression Modeling in Osteometric Sorting: An Ordination Approach

This study compares the original osteometric sorting association method with an ordination approach across all combinations of the humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia, and fibula. This includes both the original prediction interval and t‐statistic approaches. Standard measurements are utilized in the models with full measurements combined and without length measurements. The sample is the osteometric sorting reference from the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency. A full set of performance statistics is provided. Results indicate the ordination approach outperforms the original in the majority of bone combinations. Models with length measurements have more exclusion power than those without. It is recommended for the ordination approach to supersede the original when applied to large commingled assemblages.     

论证人出庭作证制度

证人出庭作证是我国刑事审判方式改革的关键,但目前证人出庭作证的状况不容乐观。立法上的缺陷是导致这一现状的重要原因之一。通过分析我国刑事诉讼法关于证人出庭作证的具体规定,找出立法上的症结所在,以促进我国证人出庭作证制度的逐步完善。     

三资企业中中方职员与西方职员在人际关系上的跨文化冲突透析

运用跨文化交际学在人际关系方面的理论,从东西方不同的文化理念,文化背景差异,民族性格差异,言语表达习惯差异及习惯交往方式差异等方面,对我国三资企业中中方职员与西方职员在工作及交往中产生的冲突和矛盾进行了阐释,以利于在三资企业中建立更加和谐的跨文化人际交往方式。