价值哲学视野中的现代犯罪问题

现代性和全球化的发展使文化差异日益显耀,并导致了范围扩大和意蕴深刻的文化冲突,以至于进一步恶化了价值迷乱,一系列观念性的因素渗透到了个体和群体行为的背景中,构成犯罪的隐含动因。这种随着现代性和全球化而发展的现代犯罪及其文化因素,对传统的犯罪学构成了新的挑战,从而提出在文化冲突境域中,重构价值哲学的必要性。     

论价值冲突与犯罪

美国犯罪学家柯布林和米勒提出的价值冲突论,为我们深入研究犯罪问题提供了新的视角。价值冲突是导致行为失范进而引发犯罪的直接原因。我国转型时期的价值冲突主要表现为传统与现代的价值冲突、经济与道德的价值冲突、公平与效率的价值冲突、个体与整体的价值冲突等。面对激烈的价值冲突,只有从各方面大力提高文化融合能力,才能有效地控制犯罪的发生。     

Bushwhacking the Democratic Peace

The invasion of Iraq has been justified, ex post , as for the purpose of promoting the democratic peace. It does not, however, appear to have been a principal goal ex ante . Most democratic peace theorists, moreover, do not endorse democratic regime change by great-power external military intervention. Success is difficult to achieve (usually at high cost), and the conditions in Iraq were not promising even had the occupation been carried out more competently. Greater success in democratization has been achieved by UN peacekeeping operations, and by various regional international organizations using a variety of peaceful measures to ensure free elections, constrain authoritarian leaders, and empower democratic forces. International organizations, notably those whose membership is largely composed of democracies, are especially likely to succeed in promoting democracy.     

A Stone’s Throw from the Metropolis: Re-Examining Small-Agency Homeland Security Practices

Police agencies nationwide have enhanced their homeland security preparedness capacity since the 9/11 attacks. Evidence suggests that departments have not uniformly adopted measures to prepare for and respond to critical incidents. Rather, larger agencies are more likely than their smaller peers to take such steps. Small agencies do not constitute a homogenous group; some experience geographic isolation while others are near major metropolitan areas. Unclear is whether small agencies (25 or fewer full-time sworn personnel), those that are commonly found to be less prepared, benefit from proximity to large-agency peers. This study examined whether physical and relational proximity to large departments contributed to homeland security preparedness in over 300 small departments. A structural equation model revealed that interactions with large agencies facilitated preparedness but physical proximity had no direct effect. Increasing geographic isolation from large-agency peers indirectly affected preparedness by stifling the level of inter-department interactions.     

《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》食物权法律解析

食物权作为一项基本人权关乎人类的生存、健康和尊严。《经济、社会及文化权利国际公约》第11条首次对食物权作出规定,并通过一系列评论文件阐明其内涵、国家权利和义务以及监督机制。有关食物权的规定的出台有着重要意义,但金融危机和粮食危机给食物权的实现带来了巨大的阻力。在该背景下,如何消除饥饿,提供足够的食物是国际社会共同面临的问题。     

The ‘Perils’ of an Identity Politics Approach to the Legal Recognition of Harm

In the past, and it still remains the case, people with learning difficulties who are victims of violence have been cast as being in need of protection rather than rights and justice. Such an approach belies an institutionalised perspective of harm that does not readily engage with criminal justice structures or solutions. At the same time, Sect. 146 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 gives the court the power to pass enhanced sentences where it can be proven that a crime was motivated by hostility towards someone because s/he is disabled. However, this provision may simply remain a symbolic pledge to equality that fails to tackle the complex and deep rooted causes of violence and oppression in modern society. The consequences of automatically turning to hate crime ‘solutions’ have yet to be explored. This article will draw from the ideas of a number of thinkers in the context of diverse activism to construct a bridge between current debates about how to theorise and tackle violence and oppression in the modern world and the campaigns fought by people with learning difficulties and their supporters. The hope is that this exercise will not only help people with learning difficulties to access the current debate but will further develop current thinking about how to understand and tackle violence in the modern world.

东亚现代化的“特殊”与“一般”

作为"后发外生型"现代化的典型代表,东亚社会现代化存在着复杂的宏观互动结构。如果我们将东亚现代化研究史上的"日本特殊论"和"亚洲停滞论"置于"传统—现代"的背景之下展开分析,就会发现,无论是"亚洲停滞论",还是所谓日本"特殊论",实际上是以欧美现代社会为基准加以展开的,其理论系谱从属于西方,难以洞悉东亚现代化的深层逻辑。鉴此,我们应注意揭示东亚现代化进程中由激进的"压缩式发展"向"内发式发展"转变的共同历程,超越"西方中心论"和"发展主义"的制约,将东亚的社会发展理论植根于本土,揭示东亚现代化进程中"特殊"与"一般"的复杂互动关系。     

试论乡镇机构改革的保障：依法行政（定编）及税费改革

新一轮乡镇机构改革,必须以依法行政(定编)作为根本保障,并以税费改革作为重要保障,从而才能真正实现乡镇政府职能的转变和富余人员的成功分流。     

经济组织与纠纷自决——以两个企业为例的分析

作为成本低廉的纠纷解决方式,自决是各型经济组织的首选。诉讼在多数情况下只是一种不得已的选择。而同时,由于企业规模以及各自经济实力等差异,纠纷的自我解决形式表现出明显的差异。反思经济组织自决机制的本质,既表现一定的伦理性,也呈现某种反伦理特征;就其与诉讼机制的关系而论,则既存有竞争,也有同一关系。