The impact of incumbency on turnout. Evidence from Italian municipalities

We analyse how the presence of an incumbent among candidates at an election affects electoral turnout. We use a rich data set which provides information on the results of Italian municipal elections over the period 1993–2011. We find that the impact of incumbency is heterogeneous across geographical areas: incumbency produces a positive effect on turnout in the South of Italy, whereas we find a negative and statistically significant effect in the North. We speculate that the north-south divergence is related to differences in social capital and in clientelistic relationships established by incumbent politicians. Our conjecture finds support when we look separately at municipalities in the lower and upper quartile of the social capital distribution and at municipalities with high or low densities of organised crime.     

美国专利交易趋向展望——从专利投机到专利投资信托

专利投机行为在美国专利交易中扮演着一个重要的角色,利弊各现,既有制度原因,也有经济原因。要建立高效的专利交易市场,专利投资信托不可或缺,其有引人的税金节约额、灵活的法人结构等优势,代表着未来美国专利交易的新趋向。     

美国产品责任法归责原则的演进

作为侵权责任法重要组成部分的产品责任法,其担当着平衡社会主体之间,尤其是消费者集团与生产者集团之间利益关系的重要角色。美国产品责任法经历了从合同责任到侵权责任,进而由一般侵权责任到特殊侵权责任的发展过程。从历史发展的角度,展现美国商品经济各个时期侵权责任法归责原则的不同表现,分析它们产生的时代背景、理论基础及法律渊源等因素,从而获得了美国产品责任法归责原则纵向发展的概貌、制度特色,从中可以发现对我国产品责任立法的借鉴意义。     

十六大以来党建理论创新的思考

创新是马克思主义政党的基本品质,十六大以来,以胡锦涛为总书记的党中央在党建理论的发展创新方面主要体现在：加强党的执政能力建设、党的先进性建设、党风廉政建设和党建制度创新四个方面。用党建的最新理论成果武装头脑,指导实践,既是党的理论建设的重要任务,也是推进中国特色社会主义事业实践的客观需要。     

基于Web Services的高校临床教学医院教务管理系统的分析与设计

Web Services技术是建立在开放的Internet基础上的新的分布式计算模型,代表了下一代网络计算和企业应用的必然趋势。文中针对中南大学湘雅三医院教务管理的实际情况,提出了基于Web Services技术教务管理系统的应用模型。介绍了系统的整体功能结构,并对数据库设计方法及系统安全问题进行了讨论。     

美国金融危机影响下东南亚国家的经济表现与未来走向

2008年9月,美国次级信贷危机演变为金融危机并迅速席卷全球,在危机加剧的情况下,东南亚国家经济大幅下滑.本文分析了2008年东南亚各国在危机影响之下的经济表现,并对东南亚经济的未来走向作出预测.     

美国专利蟑螂的新近立法评析及其启示

专利蟑螂已经成为美国专利制度中一个十分严峻的问题,美国政府不断出台专利法修订草案和政策,意图遏制专利蟑螂,并取得了不错的成效。然而,从近期美国参众两院提交的诸项法案来看,尽管存在分歧,但其整体立场已经发生明显转变,倾向于优待专利蟑螂。由此,以设立双方复审程序、提高禁令颁发标准以及限制司法管辖为代表的诸多重要专利司法改革成果,都将可能遭到弱化。结合美国的经验教训,我国应当尽早认识专利蟑螂并着手应对,从考察开放许可专利实施情况、增加"权利人商业模式"作为判赔考量因素、细化司法管辖规则、完善专利无效制度以及构建全面打击专利假冒行为制度等多个维度,预防和遏制专利蟑螂。     

‘Good-bye Pompey,komm bald zurück’: Stevie Smith's Vision of Germany in Novel on Yellow Paper

Abstract

In Stevie Smith's debut novel Novel on Yellow Paper, set in 1936, the narrator Pompey Casmilus recalls several trips to Germany she made in the years shortly before the rise of the Hitler regime. The memories of these German travels are linked to Pompey's love affair with a Swiss-German student named Karl with whom she has spent time in both England and Germany. The essay explores the significance of the German theme in the novel. This theme emerges in Pompey's memories of Germany and Karl, which at first glance appear to be random moments of recollection. However, the German theme also asserts itself in what I call Pompey's German voice, a distinct narrative voice that uses a specific German vocabulary and mimics German speech patterns, which appears at different points throughout the novel and is not exclusively linked to Pompey's memories of Germany. The essay argues that this narrative voice, the Karl-Pompey romance plot and the narrator's obsessive concern with Jewishness combine into an exploration of the Anglo-German relationship in the inter-war years and the attraction which Germany held for some British visitors during the 1920s and early 1930s, an attraction which is linked to previous literary explorations of the country by British writers such as D. H. Lawrence and which by 1936 has taken on an ominous significance as Pompey observes from afar the atrocities being committed within Germany in the name of the Hitler regime.     

雄黄主要成分As2S2通过“ANP32A-INHAT-H3乙酰化”轴抑制三阴性乳腺癌细胞增殖、迁移的表观遗传调控机制

目的 探究雄黄主要成分二硫化二砷（As2S2）对三阴性乳腺癌（triple negative breast cancer,TNBC）的作用及表观遗传调控机制。方法 〖JP2〗采用CCK-8、平板克隆形成和细胞划痕实验探究As2S2对人正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A及TNBC细胞增殖和迁移的影响;4D-label free定量蛋白质组学分析挖掘As2S2抗TNBC的潜在干预靶点酸性核磷蛋白家族成员32A（acidic nuclear phosphoprotein family member 32A,ANP32A）;慢病毒感染法构建ANP32A过表达敲低细胞株,探究潜在靶点ANP32A对As2S2抗TNBC作用的影响;蛋白质免疫共沉淀和Western blot实验探究As2S2是否通过ANP32A调控TNBC细胞H3乙酰化。结果 As2S2对人正常乳腺上皮细胞MCF-10A影响甚微,但显著抑制TNBC细胞增殖和迁移,且呈剂量依赖性;4D-lable free定量蛋白质组学分析结果显示,促癌因子ANP32A被As2S2显著下调,且ANP32A表达影响As2S2在TNBC中的抗增殖和迁移效果。As2S2能下调ANP32A的蛋白水平,抑制乙酰转移酶抑制剂复合物亚基的招募,增加H3乙酰化水平。结论 As2S2通过下调ANP32A蛋白调控TNBC细胞中H3乙酰化,抑制TNBC细胞增殖和迁移。     

骨蚀宁胶囊联合唑来膦酸治疗早中期股骨头坏死的临床疗效观察

目的 评估骨蚀宁胶囊联合唑来膦酸治疗早中期股骨头坏死的临床疗效.方法 将股骨头坏死(早中期)患者64例随机分为对照组和观察组,每组32例,其中观察组38髋,对照组35髋.对照组予以唑来膦酸静脉滴注,口服骨化三醇及碳酸钙D3治疗;观察组在对照组治疗的基础上予以中药骨蚀宁胶囊口服.治疗1年后通过门诊随访调查患者治疗后髋关节Harris评分、基于X线片评分的疗效.结果 两组临床疗效比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).与治疗前比较,两组治疗1年后髋关节功能、畸形、活动度和疼痛评分均显著升高(P<0.05);观察组治疗1年后髋关节功能、疼痛、活动度评分均显著高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 骨蚀宁胶囊联合唑来膦酸、骨化三醇及碳酸钙D3能更显著改善股骨头坏死症状,延缓股骨头进一步塌陷.