D7S817,D18S865位点的群体遗传学研究

目的　调查D7S817、D18S86 5两个STR位点的遗传多态性 ,获得群体遗传学基本数据。　方法　采用PCR和PAG垂直电泳技术、银染显色方法。结果　D7S817位点在成都汉族群体中发现 9个等位基因 ,2 3种基因型 ,杂合度为 0 .738,个人识别机率为 0 .931。在甘肃东乡族群体中发现 8个等位基因 ,2 0种基因型 ,杂合度为 0 .75 2 ,个人识别机率为 0 .917。D18S86 5位点在成都汉族群体中发现 7个等位基因 ,17种基因型 ,杂合度为 0 .72 ,个人识别机率为 0 .90 6 ;在甘肃东乡族群体中发现 6个等位基因 ,15种基因型 ,杂合度为 0 .814,个人识别机率为 0 .898。基因型频率分布符合Hardy -Weinberg平衡定律。等位基因频率的分布在 2个群体之间无显著性差异。　结论　D7S817、D18S86 5位点的扩增效率高 ,重复性好 ,个人识别能力强 ,在法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定应用中有较高的价值。     

中国武汉汉族群体STR D13S325基因座的多态性研究

应用PCR ,聚丙稀酰胺凝胶垂直电泳及银染技术对 2 16例中国汉族人群STRD13S32 5基因座进行了多态性研究 ,首次获得了中国武汉汉族人群基因频率分布资料。检出 11个等位基因 ,30个基因型 ,基因频率分布符合Hardy Weinberg平衡。DP值为 0 92 92 ,三联体PE值 0 6 137,二联体PE值为 0 4370 ,PIC值为 0 775 5。观察 2 0 0次减数分裂未发现突变基因。研究证实D13S32 5是一个高多态性STR基因座标记系统。     

用分子克隆技术构建D12S375基因座等位基因分型标准物及汉、回、维族群体遗传学研究

采用分子克隆技术大量制备STR基因座等位基因分型标准物 ,解决长期困扰STR分型的准确性和标准化问题。PCR扩增出D12S375基因座的 7个等位基因片段 ,将其插入pUC重组质粒中 ,经DNA测序分析证实插入片段的结构及大小 ,按重复单位的重复次数对插入的等位基因片段进行命名 ,最后经转染、扩增及再鉴定后制备出标准D12S375基因座等位基因分型标准物。应用此分型标准物 ,调查D12S375基因座在成都汉族 ,甘肃回族及新疆维族群体中的基因型分布频率 ,评估其在法医学实践中的应用价值。     

Economic analysis of the removal of illegal gains

The purpose of the present paper is to explore both the motivation for confiscating illegal gain and also to look at some of its legal aspects and economic effects. It is argued that the removal of illegal gain may be able to play a significant complementary role, if only by closing the gap between the maximum punishment the law will allow and fines sufficient to represent a credible deterrent. The paper develops a deterrence model and applies it to confiscation powers introduced to help combat drug trafficking.     

High-quality Digital 3D Reconstruction of Microscopic Findings in Forensic Pathology: The Terminal Pathway of a Heart Stab Wound*

High-quality digital three-dimensional (3D) reconstructions of microscopic findings have been used in anatomical and histopathologic research, but their use in forensic pathology may also be of interest. This paper presents an application of these methods to better characterize the pathway of a stab wound of the anterior surface of the heart in a case of suicide. A portion of the heart wall including the stab wound was serially sectioned for microscopic analysis along the full extent of the wound. Histologic sections were digitally acquired, and a 3D reconstruction was created with ImageJ software for 3D computer graphics. This showed a full-thickness wound path extending to the endocardial surface of the left ventricle, curvilinear in appearance. After correction for shrinkage, 3D reconstruction allowed estimation of the dimensions of the myocardial injury and comparison of the appearance of the wound with the suspected knife used. The curvilinear appearance was considered to reflect injury during myocardial contraction. Complete microscopic sectioning and 3D reconstruction may allow virtual sectioning through various orientations and also provide useful forensic information for selected injuries.     

网格服务基于本体语义描述的探析

随着"十二·五"规划的逐步实施和电子商务的不断发展,跨企业之间的信息应用日益复杂,单个Web服务的实现已经无法满足复杂业务的需求,如何实现Web服务的动态自动组合就成为一个亟待解决的课题.文章分析了基于WSRF的网格资源描述模型,并进行本体语义扩展,提出基于语义的网格服务资源模型,从而使网格服务的动态组合成为可能.     

Accuracy and Reproducibility of Bullet Trajectories in FARO Zone 3D

With three-dimensional (3D) laser scanning technology and software packages, the practice of documenting and measuring bullet trajectories has benefited from greater accuracy and reproducibility. This study investigated the accuracy and reproducibility of the bullet trajectory tools in the software package, FARO Zone 3D (FZ3D). Twelve participants were provided laser scanner data for 21 bullet trajectories on drywall panels with impact angles between 25° and 90°. When the impact plane was manually aligned by the operator, 75% of the absolute errors were within 0.91° and 0.98° for the azimuth and vertical angles, respectively. The vertical angle improved to 0.47° when impact plane alignment was taken with respect to gravity (no operator influence). Thus, manual alignment is shown to be subject to greater error than alignment with gravity. However, this study shows that the accuracy and reproducibility of the FZ3D bullet trajectory tools to be comparable with previous research studies.     

Observations and 3D Analysis of Controlled Cast-Off Stains

Cast-off stains are common patterns found at crime scenes involving blood shedding events. However, the analysis and interpretation of cast-off patterns remains an area lacking tools for crime scene investigators. Analyzing cast-off patterns may allow investigators to interpret the area from where an object may have been swung and thus determine the approximate location of a suspect or victim. This study looked at the position and distribution of cast-off patterns and area of origin as a starting point for the development of a method to analyze cast-off patterns. Through a series of tests using a controlled cast-off rig (n = 10), it was observed that a Path Volume Envelope (PVE) may be identified where the swinging path is contained in a volume along with an area of exclusion. The calculated center, linear position of the PVE was found to have an average error of just over 3.2 cm when compared to the known object swing path position. The maximum deviation of the PVE to the known swing path was found to be 5.0 cm with a standard deviation of 1.4 cm. Additional studies are required to investigate the effects of partial cast-off stains, wielded object velocity, direction of swing, distance from the projected surface, and other factors. The observations and analysis from this study were seen to be predictable and repeatable and may provide a possible new method for investigators to interpret cast-off stains.