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51.
为表达传染性喉气管炎病毒(ILTV)gD蛋白,根据GenBank中登录的ILTV全基因组序列(EU675324)设计了1对引物,进行gD全基因的PCR扩增,产物经纯化后连接至pGEM-T Easy载体,进行序列测定,采用DNAStar软件分析gD蛋白的抗原性,选择抗原性强的第256～405aa的编码片段设计引物并进行PCR扩增,结果获得截短的gD基因,将其克隆至原核表达载体pET-32a中,并转化E.coli BL21(DE3)。经IPTG诱导后,获得大小为43.5ku的重组蛋白,命名为r-gD。Western-blot分析结果表明,r-gD具有较强的抗原性。 相似文献
52.
DAVID J. WEBBER 《Politics & Policy》2010,38(1):81-95
In line with social capital theory, citizen involvement in local education policy making should affect education performance. Specifically, because voting turnout and candidate competition in school district elections are accountability mechanisms and reflections of a district's social capital, these characteristics of school board elections should affect how schools perform. Using official Missouri election records and school district data, this article examines the effect of district social capital (i.e., voting turnout and candidate competition), demographics, and school resources on school performance (i.e., standardized test scores and graduation rates). Mixed support is found for social capital theory, with voting turnout significantly affecting standardized test scores, though not graduation rates, and candidate competition influencing graduation rates, though in an unexpected direction. This study expands our understanding of the factors affecting school performance and informs the discussion of education reform. En línea con la teoría del capital social, la participación de los ciudadanos en la hechura de las políticas de educación local debería afectar el rendimiento escolar. Específicamente, porque la participación en la votación y el grado de competencia entre candidatos en las elecciones en los distritos escolares son mecanismos de rendición de cuentas y un reflejo del capital social del distrito, estas características de las elecciones del consejo escolar deberían afectar el desempeño de las escuelas. Utilizando registros oficiales de las elecciones en Missouri e información de los distritos escolares, este artículo examina el efecto del capital social del distrito (i.e., participación en la votación y el grado de competencia entre candidatos), la demografía, y los recursos escolares en el rendimiento escolar (i.e., los resultados estandarizados de las pruebas y las tasas de graduación). Se encuentra un apoyo mixto para la teoría del capital social donde la participación en la votación afecta considerablemente los resultados estandarizados de las pruebas, aunque no a las tasas de graduación, y en una dirección inesperada, el grado de competencia entre candidatos influye a las tasas de graduación. Este articulo amplia nuestro entendimiento de los factores que afectan el rendimiento escolar y fortalece la discusión sobre la reforma educativa. 相似文献
53.
ADAM CHAMBERLAIN 《Politics & Policy》2010,38(1):97-116
The 2007/2008 Republican presidential primary run for Ron Paul was a relatively unique candidacy, as he was a former third-party presidential candidate for the Libertarian Party in 1988. In this article, I argue that his recent run as a Republican needs to be studied as a third-party movement within a major party. To do so, I conduct a state-level analysis of support for Paul using a dependent variable measuring the number of online Paul donors. The results indicate that the strongest explanation for Paul support is a state's vote for Paul in 1988. This finding shows that a third-party campaign can help a politician's national-level career rather than serving merely as an outlet for popular discontent. It also shows that candidate-centered support can carry over into a major-party campaign, even if almost 20 years has elapsed and a candidate's third-party vote percentage was quite low. La primaria presidencial republicana de 2007/2008 donde se postuló Ron Paul fue una candidatura relativamente única, ya que en 1988 él fue un candidato presidencial de un tercer partido conocido como Partido Liberal. En este articulo sostengo que su reciente postulación como Republicano necesita ser estudiada como un movimiento de un tercer partido dentro de un partido mayoritario. Para realizarlo, realizo un análisis a un nivel estatal del apoyo a Paul utilizando una variable dependiente que mide el número de los donadores de Paul en línea. Los resultados indican que la explicación más concluyente del actual apoyo a Paul es el voto estatal otorgado al candidato en 1988. Este hallazgo demuestra que una campaña de un tercer partido puede ayudar a la carrera de un político a nivel nacional más que simplemente servir como una salida del descontento popular. Así mismo, demuestra que el apoyo otorgado al candidato puede transferirse a una campaña de partido mayor, aun después de veinte años y a pesar de que el porcentaje de voto obtenido por ese candidato en ese entonces haya sido bajísimo. 相似文献
54.
55.
Michelle A. Amazeen 《Journal of Political Marketing》2016,15(4):433-464
Which types of political ads are most likely to draw criticism from fact-checkers? Are fact-checkers consistent in their evaluations of political ads? Examining general election television ads from the 2008 U.S. presidential race, and based upon the evaluations of FactCheck.org, PolitiFact.com, and the Washington Post's Fact Checker, this study demonstrates it was the attack ads from candidates that were most likely to draw scrutiny from the fact-checkers. Most importantly, a high level of agreement between the fact-checkers indicates their success at selecting political claims that can be consistently evaluated. While political advertisers are increasingly using evidence to support their claims, what may be more critical in drawing evaluations from fact-checkers is the verifiability of a claim. The implications of consistent fact-checking on the public, political actors, journalism and democracy are discussed. With the revelation that fact-checking can be consistently practiced, localized efforts at fact-checking need encouragement, particularly as political TV ads increasingly drown out other potential sources of information for the public and increasingly are used in downballot races, local initiatives, referendums and judicial races. 相似文献
56.
Democratic theorists argue that vigorous competition between candidates/parties is essential for democracy to flourish because it engages citizens' political interest and ultimately makes elected officials more accountable to their constituents. Using data on citizens' perceptions of government responsiveness to their political opinions from the American National Election Studies and the Ranney measure of party competition for control of state government, we examine the effects of competition on citizens' political attitudes from 1952 to 2008. Our analysis reveals that citizens feel government is more responsive to them when there is greater competition between the two parties for control of government in their state. However, this relationship is confined only to citizens who identify with the party that controls government in their state. We also find that the relationship between competition and efficacy is strongest among citizens with lower levels of education and income. These results suggest that vigorous competition for control of state government can have important implications for citizens' political attitudes. 相似文献
57.
A finding in the autopsy of John Paul Jones, the American Revolutionary War naval hero, may explain his terminal illness. During his last 2 years, he had a persistent productive cough and dyspnea. Ten days before death, he developed rapidly progressive dependent edema and ascites. He died in France in 1792. His body, preserved in alcohol in a lead coffin, was, in 1905, removed to the United States. Glomerulonephritis was noted on an autopsy, performed in France, but there was no comment then or since about ventricular wall thickness being the same in both ventricles at 5–6 mm. Hypertrophy and dilatation with biventricular failure followed by tissue shrinkage during 113 years in alcohol could have resulted in these ventricular wall findings. Systemic hypertension and left ventricular failure are consistent with his respiratory symptoms complicated perhaps by pulmonary emboli, right ventricular failure with tricuspid regurgitation, peripheral congestion, and jaundice. 相似文献
58.
This study assesses the direct, indirect, and total impacts of political partisanship on state‐level utilities' investment in energy efficiency. This subject is of utmost importance because energy efficiency improvement has become a linchpin in worldwide efforts to combat climate change and other environmental challenges. Analysis of data on 51 electric utilities nested within 31 U.S. states indicates that political partisanship influences utilities' energy efficiency policies. There is strong evidence that electric utilities in states dominated by the Republican Party are less likely to invest in energy efficiency than those in states governed by the Democratic Party. This finding suggests that political partisanship may be shaping the policy and regulatory frameworks put in place by state governments to incentivize or compel the participation of private‐sector entities' in environmental management and/or resource conservation. 相似文献
59.
Local authorities in Great Britain are required to ensure that their electoral registers are as accurate and complete as possible. To this end, Household Enquiry Forms (HEFs) are mailed to all properties annually to collect updated details from residents, and any eligible unregistered residents will subsequently be invited to register to vote. Unfortunately, HEF nonresponse is pervasive and costly. Using insights from behavioural science, we modified letters and envelopes posted to households as part of the annual canvass, and evaluated their effects using a randomised controlled trial across two local authorities in England (N=226,528 properties). We find that modified materials – particularly redesigned envelopes – significantly increase initial response rates and savings. However, we find no effects on voter registration. While certain behavioural interventions can improve the efficiency of the annual canvass, other approaches or interventions may be needed to increase voter registration rates and update voter information. 相似文献
60.