D3S1358等7个DNA位点的荧光法在法医学中的应用

报道了D3S1358、D16S539等7个DNA位点的复合扩增和四色荧光分析技术。经310自动测序仪检测7个位点 ,实现了STR位点同步扩增和自动检测目的。同一性实验表明 ,同一个体肌肉、血液、唾液和头发等组织STR位点基因型完全一致。对2个四代家系、3个三代家系的调查结果表明 ,这些位点符合孟德尔遗传定律。D3S1358、D16S539等7个位点对陈旧、微量的检材适用性很强,灵敏度达75pg ,在法医个人识别和亲子鉴定中有着重要意义     

红细胞EsD和PGM_1的同步电泳分型及其在上海地区的分布与频率

用 pH7.4的 Tris-马来酸缓冲系统和混合淀粉凝胶同步检测血液及血癌中 EsD 和 PGM_1的表型,获得良好的分型效果。EsD 和 PGM_1的图谱区带平直、狭窄、清晰。各种表型之间差异著,极易区分容易发现稀有表型。我们在上海地区居民中检查了390人的 EsD 表型和724人的 PGM_1表型,其分布与其基因频率详见附表。在检测尸体血及尸体血痕时,发现一例尸体血和一例尸体血痕的 PGM 1活性明显增强,前者尚显现了一条额外的同工酶区带。     

上海地区D1S80位点基因频率分布及其在亲子鉴定中的应用

目的：将D1S80位点的DNA多态性分析应用于亲子鉴定。方法;PCR、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳及溴已锭染色。结果：获得D1S80位点的DNA多态性分布数据。结论：D1S80位点的PCR检测方法可成功地用于亲权纠纷案的鉴定。     

Spain and the antipsychiatric aesthetic

This article outlines a family resemblance in the work of authors and film-makers of the 1960s and 1970s in Spain. In the light of the international zeitgeist most often termed “antipsychiatry,” the works of Michel Foucault (1926–1984) and R. D. Laing (1927–1989) make up the critical focus for the formulation of an “antipsychiatric aesthetic” in Spanish literature. In the novels Tiempo de silencio (1961) by Luís Martín-Santos (1926–1964) and Volverás a Región (1967) by Juan Benet (1927–1993), and the film El espíritu de la colmena (1973) directed by Víctor Erice (1940–), this antipsychiatric aesthetic explores the relationship between doctor and patient in poetry as Scottish antipsychiatrist R. D. Laing had in practice. Contemporary to Foucault and Laing’s critique of the managerial doctor figure, these three texts re-enact this critique and extend its remit to embody the reader–writer/author–text/text–reader dialectic. Consequently, a specifically Iberian school of critical theory becomes apparent, that responds to the existential writings of Miguel de Unamuno (1864–1936). Embedded within these poetics are attempts to reframe the ontological anxieties that stem from a subjective experience of silence and control.     

D5S818 Typing Discrepancy Between PowerPlex® Fusion and Other STR Kits Including GlobalFiler® Caused by a One‐base Deletion in 31 Nucleotides Upstream of the Repeat Region

Short tandem repeat (STR) typing is widely used in forensic investigation. When the same DNA sample is analyzed with different STR typing kits, a typing discrepancy is occasionally observed. In this study, we examined the cause of a typing discrepancy in a sample at D5S818 locus. This sample was designated as 10, 12 using Identifiler^®, Identifiler^® Plus, GlobalFiler^®, PowerPlex^® 16HS, and PowerPlex^® 18D, but as 9.3, 12 using PowerPlex^® Fusion. Sequencing results indicated that the shorter allele in the sample had a deletion (U31Tdel) at 31 nucleotides upstream of the repeat region (AGAT)₁₀. This deletion was located in the binding site of the published D5S818 forward primer in PowerPlex^® 16 and was only 9 and 11 nucleotides downstream of our estimated 5′ end position of D5S818 forward primer in GlobalFiler^® and PowerPlex^® 18D, respectively. We also examined the effect of primer length on the heterozygous peak balance in this sample.     

REVISITING THE CRIMINOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF EXPOSURE TO FETAL TESTOSTERONE: A META‐ANALYSIS OF THE 2D:4D DIGIT RATIO*

As criminology has become more interdisciplinary in recent years, biosocial criminology has earned a place at the table. Although this perspective comes in many forms, one important proposition has gained increasing attention: that the 2D:4D finger digit ratio—a purported physical biomarker for exposure to fetal testosterone—is related to criminal, aggressive, and risky/impulsive behavior. Strong claims in the literature have been made for this link even though the findings seem to be inconsistent. To establish the empirical status of this relationship, we subjected this body of work to a meta‐analysis. Our multilevel analyses of 660 effect size estimates drawn from 47 studies (14,244 individual cases) indicate a small overall effect size (mean r = .047). Moderator analyses indicate that this effect is rather “general” across methodological specifications—findings that are at odds with theoretical propositions that specify the importance of exposure to fetal testosterone in predicting criminal and analogous behavior later in life. We conclude with a call for exercising caution over embracing the findings from one or two studies and instead highlight the importance of systematically organizing the full body of literature on a topic before making decisions about what does, and what does not, predict criminal and analogous behavior.     

Determination of Inorganic Ion Profiles of Illicit Drugs by Capillary Electrophoresis

A portable capillary electrophoresis instrument with dual capacitively coupled contactless conductivity detection (C⁴D) was used to determine the inorganic ionic profiles of three pharmaceutical samples and precursors of two illicit drugs (contemporary samples of methylone and para‐methoxymethamphetamine). The LODs ranged from 0.10 μmol/L to 1.25 μmol/L for the 10 selected cations, and from 0.13 μmol/L to 1.03 μmol/L for the eight selected anions. All separations were performed in less than 6 min with migration times and peak area RSD values ranging from 2 to 7%. The results demonstrate the potential of the analysis of inorganic ionic species to aid in the identification and/or differentiation of unknown tablets, and real samples found in illicit drug manufacture scenarios. From the resulting ionic fingerprint, the unknown tablets and samples can be further classified.     

中国北方汉族群体DRD4基因3个位点遗传多态性

目的调查DRD4基因启动子区-1240L/S、-521C/T和第三外显子48bp VNTR 3个位点在中国北方汉族群体的遗传多态性分布,评价其法医学应用价值。方法收集中国北方汉族207例个体血液样本,提取模板DNA,采用聚合酶链反应和等位基因特异性扩增技术,对3个位点进行分型检测,应用Arlequin 3.5软件对分型数据进行统计分析。结果 3个位点分别检出2个(-1240L/S、-521C/T)和6个(48bp VNTR)等位基因,3种和9种基因型,经χ2检验,各位点基因频率分布均符合Hardy-Weinberg平衡(P0.05);DP值均超过0.5;3个位点共检出14种单倍型,其中8种为主要单倍型,DP值为0.940,PE值为0.804;-1240L/S位点与非洲及高加索人群间的差异具有统计学意义(P0.05),而与日本人群以及-521C/T位点与3种群体之间均无显著性差异(P0.05)。结论中国北方汉族人群DRD4基因3个位点多态性分布均较好,在法医学个体识别与亲子鉴定中具有一定的应用价值。     

武汉汉族人群短串联重复序列D5S818， D7S820位点多态性研究

目的研究Ｄ５Ｓ８１８,Ｄ７Ｓ８２０的多态性及法医学应用价值。方法应用聚合酶链反应（ＰＣＲ）、聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离及银染显带技术对武汉地区汉族２３２例无关个体作Ｄ５Ｓ８１８,Ｄ７Ｓ８２０位点分型调查。结果Ｄ５Ｓ８１８和Ｄ７Ｓ８２０位点分别检出８个和６个等位基因,获汉族人群基因频率分布。二位点基因型频率分布符合ＨａｒｄｙＷｅｉｎｂｅｒｇ平衡。位点杂合度分别为０８１２１和０７９３４,个人识别能力分别为０９４１６和０９２５５,非父排除率分别为０５８４２和０５８１６。结论Ｄ５Ｓ８１８和Ｄ７Ｓ８２０ＳＴＲ位点均是高杂合度、高鉴别能力的遗传标记系统,在法医学个人识别和亲子鉴定中有较高实用价值     

应用MVR-PCR和银染法分析河北汉族人群D1S8基因座DNA结构多态性

研究D1S8基因座重复序列内部的变异,并进行数字编码。应用MVR－PCR和聚丙烯酰胺梯度凝胶电泳银染法对240名河北汉人无关个体进行检测。结果每个个体得到约30个数字编码,未发现任何两无关个体所有编码相同,30个编码完全相同的概率为3．55×10－11。3种重复单位a-型、t-型、o-型出现的频率分别为54.77％、42．54％、2．69％。为小卫星变异重复序列的研究及其在法医实践中的应用提供了一种新方法。