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341.
目的运用图像分析技术探讨人脾脏细胞核几何参数变化与死亡时间的关系。方法选31例已知死亡时间的人离体脾组织,在死后36h内每h细胞学涂片、Feulgen-Vans染色,对人脾细胞核的异形指数等5个几何参数进行图像分析。结果脾脏细胞核异形指数在死后5~36h呈上升趋势,r=0.983,线性回归方程y=11.334x-33.339,面积、等效直径、平均直径、周长均与死亡时间无明显的相关性。结论异形指数能较客观地反映人脾细胞核DNA降解后的离散分布状况,与死亡时间有明显相关性,可能是推断早期准确死亡时间的较好形态学指标。 相似文献
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343.
目前,法医DNA检验技术主要是应用刑事案件(命案、强奸、恶性械斗、群死群伤、盗窃等)现场上出现几率较大的生物物证来进行认定或排除,为诉讼提供客观、真实的证据。本文通过作者实际办案经历,来探讨工作实践中如何正确有效应用法医DNA检验技术,更好地服务于公安业务工作。 相似文献
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345.
人类DNA检验在为破案和诉讼提供重要甚至关键证据的同时,DNA应用的一些缺点和弊端也逐渐暴露出来。本文就人类DNA检验作为证据需要注意和解决的问题进行了综述。 相似文献
346.
David W. Bauer Ph.D. Nasir Butt Ph.D. Jennifer M. Hornyak M.S. Mark W. Perlin Ph.D. M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(2):380-398
Most DNA evidence is a mixture of two or more people. Cybergenetics TrueAllele® system uses Bayesian computing to separate genotypes from mixture data and compare genotypes to calculate likelihood ratio (LR) match statistics. This validation study examined the reliability of TrueAllele computing on laboratory-generated DNA mixtures containing up to ten unknown contributors. Using log(LR) match information, the study measured sensitivity, specificity, and reproducibility. These reliability metrics were assessed under different conditions, including varying the number of assumed contributors, statistical sampling duration, and setting known genotypes. The main determiner of match information and variability was how much DNA a person contributed to a mixture. Observed contributor number based on data peaks gave better results than the number known from experimental design. The study found that TrueAllele is a reliable method for analyzing DNA mixtures containing up to ten unknown contributors. 相似文献
347.
Erica L. Romsos M.F.S. Julie L. French M.S. Mark Smith B.S. Vincent Figarelli B.S. Frederick Harran M.S. Glenn Vandegrift Lilliana I. Moreno Ph.D. Thomas F. Callaghan Ph.D. Joanie Brocato Ph.D. Janaki Vaidyanathan M.S. Juan C. Pedroso A.A. Andrea Amy B.S. Stephanie Stoiloff M.S. Victor H. Morillo P.S.M. Karina Czetyrko P.S.M. Elizabeth D. Johnson M.S. Jessica de Tagyos M.S.F.S. Ashley Murray B.S. Peter M. Vallone Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(3):953-959
Three commercially available integrated rapid DNA instruments were tested as a part of a rapid DNA maturity assessment in July of 2018. The assessment was conducted with sets of blinded single-source reference samples provided to participants for testing on the individual rapid platforms within their laboratories. The data were returned to the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) for review and analysis. Both FBI-defined automated review (Rapid DNA Analysis) and manual review (Modified Rapid DNA Analysis) of the datasets were conducted to assess the success of genotyping the 20 Combined DNA Index System (CODIS) core STR loci and full profiles generated by the instruments. Genotype results from the multiple platforms, participating laboratories, and STR typing chemistries were combined into a single analysis. The Rapid DNA Analysis resulted in a success rate of 80% for full profiles (85% for the 20 CODIS core loci) with automated analysis. Modified Rapid DNA Analysis resulted in a success rate of 90% for both the CODIS 20 core loci and full profiles (all attempted loci per chemistry). An analysis of the peak height ratios demonstrated that 95% of all heterozygous alleles were above 59% heterozygote balance. For base-pair sizing precision, the precision was below the standard 0.5 bp deviation for both the ANDE 6C System and the RapidHIT 200. 相似文献
348.
The use of a fluorescent dye to visualize cellular material on surfaces offers a targeted sampling approach for locating touch DNA on casework items. However, the current application of such dye is not feasible for examination of relatively large items. As a result, development of an efficient dye application system is required to translate this approach into practice. Here, the spray pattern (area covered, intensity, and evenness) of 15 different commercial spray devices was examined visually using food coloring. From this, five devices were selected to apply Diamond Nucleic Acid Dye (DD) to three substrates (glass slide, plastic sheet, and brown packing tape) seeded with saliva and touch DNA. The cellular material was visualized using the Dino-lite Microscope and Polilight. The inhibitory effects of DD afforded by each spray device were examined using Identifiler Plus® DNA profiling kit and a DNA input of 800 pg. The two most promising devices were further tested on a range of mock casework items seeded with touch DNA. The results presented demonstrate the feasibility of a spray system to apply DD to large surfaces and subsequently detect cellular material at both micro and macroscale. Specifically, the data suggest that a pressurized continuous-spray system is favorable and that droplet size influences the intensity of fluorescence and surface coverage. Furthermore, this study indicates that full STR profiles can be obtained following spraying with DD solution, even with excessive application, which is essential for the widespread use of these devices in casework. 相似文献
349.
Curt Schuerman B.S. Tim Kalafut Ph.D. Clint Buchanan Ph.D. Joel Sutton M.S.F.S. Jo-Anne Bright Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(4):1072-1084
The reporting of a likelihood ratio (LR) calculated from probabilistic genotyping software has become more popular since 2015 and has allowed for the use of more complex mixtures at court. The meaning of “inconclusive” LRs and how to communicate the significance of low LRs at court is now important. We present a method here using the distribution of LRs obtained from nondonors. The nondonor distribution is useful for examining calibration and discrimination for profiles that have produced LRs less than about 104. In this paper, a range of mixed DNA profiles of varying quantity were constructed and the LR distribution considering the minor contributor for a number of nondonors was compared to the expectation given a calibrated system. It is demonstrated that conditioning genotypes should be used where reasonable given the background information to decrease the rate of nondonor LRs above 1. In all 17 cases examined, the LR for the minor donor was higher than the nondonor LRs, and in 12 of the 17 cases, the 99.9 percentile of the nondonor distribution was lower when appropriate conditioning information was used. The output of the tool is a graph that can show the position of the LR for the person of interest set against the nondonor LR distribution. This may assist communication between scientists and the court. 相似文献
350.
Keith L. Monson Ph.D. Kelsey M. Kyllonen M.A. Jeffrey L. Leggitt M.S. Kelli E. Edmiston M.S. Calvin R. Justus Ph.D. Mark F. Kavlick Ph.D. Maria Phillip B.S.Ch.E. Maria A. Roberts M.S. Candie W. Shegogue M.S. Gabriel D. Watts B.A. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2020,65(6):1894-1907
In addition to having blast mitigation properties, aqueous foam concentrate AFC-380 blast suppression foam is designed to capture aerosolized chemical, biological, and radioactive particles during render-safe procedures of explosive devices. Exposure to aqueous environments and surfactants may negatively affect forensic evidence found at the scene, but the effects of AFC-380 foam and aqueous gel on the preservation and subsequent analysis of forensic evidence have not previously been investigated. Sebaceous finger and palm prints and DNA samples on paper, cardboard, tape, and various metal and plastic items, along with hairs, carpet and yarn fibers, and inks and documents, were exposed to AFC-380 foam. Similar mock evidence was also exposed to a superabsorbent gel of the type found in aqueous gel blocks used for shrapnel containment. Exposure to foam or aqueous gel was associated with a dilution effect for recovered DNA samples, but quality of the samples was not substantially affected. In contrast, exposure to AFC-380 foam or gel was detrimental to development of latent finger and palm prints on any substrate. Neither the hair nor the fiber samples were affected by exposure to either the foam or gel. Indented writing on the document samples was detrimentally affected by foam or gel exposure, but not inks and toners. The results from this study indicate that most types of forensic evidence recovered after being exposed to aqueous gel or blast suppression foam can be reliably analyzed, but latent finger and palm prints may be adversely affected. 相似文献