商事信托制度的现代发展

商事信托制度发端于英美法系,在现代市场经济中得到了广泛的应用。这一制度以资产为核心,以信用为基础,是以权利主体和利益主体相分离为特点的现代财产管理制度,具有破产隔离功能、规避税负功能、制度设计灵活、信义义务标准更为宽松等优势。随着贸易全球化的发展,商事信托制度在大陆法系国家也得到了较快发展。与发达国家相比,我国商事信托制度无论在立法规则还是市场角色方面,都还存在着较大差距。     

Successful DNA typing of ultrafiltered urines used to detect EPO doping

Endogenous and exogenous erythropoietin (EPO) present in urine can be distinguished according to their isoelectric profiles. This methodology requires urine samples to be concentrated about 200 to 1000 times with manipulations that should remove most of the cells occurring in the original sample. In this study, we tried to obtain DNA profiles from 10 ultrafiltered urines (retentates) in order to evaluate whether a formal genetic identification was technically feasible. No nuclear DNA profiles could be established from retentates, despite 34 PCR-cycles amplifications. Contrastingly, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) profiles were obtained for 9 out of the 10 retentates. Apart from some particularities, retentate mtDNA profiles were all distinct and matched mtDNA profiles of corresponding reference samples.     

监察与审计合一体制的国际比较

世界上,将国家(地区)或政府监察、审计整合为合一体制并不多见,自有独到之处.合一体制的形成与发展,同国家命运息息相关,并且仍处于属极分化和功能融合之中,在提升政府效能方面扮演着重要角色.合一体制的成功范例为国际社会提供了深刻地启示和借鉴.     

论刑事诉讼证明标准的主观性——兼论我国刑事诉讼证明标准的重构

刑事诉讼证明标准问题素来是理论界争议的焦点。笔者认为,刑事诉讼的证明标准只能是一种主观性标准,在我国应以排除合理怀疑作为刑事诉讼证明标准。     

两大法系检警关系及其借鉴

检警关系是刑事诉讼中的重要法律关系,科学构建检警关系对于打击犯罪和保障人权有着十分重要的意义。比较研究世界两大法系检警关系的基本模式和我国现行检警关系存在的问题,在甄别和借鉴的基础上,可构建符合我国国情的检警制度。     

公正审判标准与我国刑事诉讼法再修改

近年来，尽管我国刑事诉讼在公正审判方面已经取得了很大进步，但同《公民权利和政治权利国际公约》所确定的公正审判权标准相比仍然存在较大差距。如何改革我国刑事诉讼制度，以便贯彻落实《公约》所规定的公正审判权，已经成为我国亟待解决的重大理论课题和现实问题。要想使我国真正地实现《公约》所规定的公正审判权标准，不仅需要紧紧围绕公正审判权进行刑事诉讼制度改革，而且需要对其他与之相关的制度进行配套改革。     

Y-STR analysis on DNA mixture samples—Results of a collaborative project of the ENFSI DNA Working Group

The ENFSI (European Network of Forensic Science Institutes) DNA Working Group undertook a collaborative project on Y-STR typing of DNA mixture samples that were centrally prepared and thoroughly tested prior to the shipment. Four commercial Y-STR typing kits (Y-Filer, Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA; Argus Y Nonaplex, Biotype, Dresden, Germany; Powerplex Y, Promega, Madison, WI, USA; and DYSplex-3, SERAC, Bad Homburg, Germany) were used for the amplification of the mixture samples. The results of the study showed a striking inter-laboratory difference of kit performance as determined from the peak heights of the obtained Y-STR genotypes. Variation in quantity and quality of the shipped DNA can be excluded as reason for the observed differences because both samples and shipping conditions were found to be reproducible in an earlier study. The results suggest that in some cases a laboratory-specific optimization process is indicated to reach a comparable sensitivity for the analysis of minute amounts of DNA.     

移送审查起诉的证明标准探析──以证伪思维为视角

证伪思维具有科学性和批判性。我国现行的移送审查起诉的证明标准,即"案件事实清楚,证据确实充分"是运用证实思维,忽视了排除案件疑点,应予以完善。移送审查起诉应确立"排除合理怀疑"的证明标准,该标准符合证伪思维的要求以及认识的模糊性原理和证明标准的层次性。为了保障"排除合理怀疑"证明标准的实施,在贯彻全面取证原则的前提下,应实行侦查部门与预审部门分立,在一定条件下,在侦查阶段扩大律师提前介入的范围。     

新公共服务与新公共管理：比较与借鉴

新公共服务与新公共管理是当代西方的两种公共行政理论流派，其中新公共管理已成为主导模式，新公共服务着力于对新公共管理的批判，也引起了广泛的关注。结合我国国情，吸收这两种理论的优秀因子，对我国的公共行政管理的理论与实践发展具有重要借鉴作用。     

Implementation of a robotized real-time PCR setup for the use of the Quantifiler™ Human DNA Quantification Kit

Human DNA quantification occupies a central role within the DNA analytic process of forensic casework samples as DNA quantification results have an important impact on the quality of the short tandem repeat data. Manual processing for the setup of quantification reactions can be time consuming and labor intensive. Therefore automation of quantitative real-time PCR setup was an important component of our DNA-analysis automation concept. Here we show the implementation of a robotized setup for the Quantifiler™ Human DNA Quantification Kit.