论中国古代文官考绩制度及其现代借鉴

中国古代文官考绩制度源远流长,萌生于春秋战国时期,确立于秦汉时期,完备于隋唐时期,发展于宋元时期,明清时期为其集大成时期。经过长期的嬗变,中国古代文官考绩制度形成了考绩机构专门化、考绩内容实绩化、考绩程序规范化、考绩等第明确化、考绩奖惩一体化、考绩制度法制化等特点,对澄清吏治,提高工作效率,起到了一定的积极作用。中国古代文官考绩制度的优秀成果对我们现今公务员制度的改革与完善具有重要参考借鉴价值。     

财政转移支付制度及其对改革发展成果公平分享有何意义

财政转移支付制度是有关政府间公共财政资源的分配制度,主要目标是公共服务的均等化。均等化目标意味着公共物品和公共服务的公平分享,也有助于区域经济、城乡经济协调发展。我国现行转移支付制度在许多方面背离均等化目标,不利改革发展成果的公平分享。     

试论山西省农产品供求信息对接标准的建立

农业电子商务的应用极大地丰富了山西省农产品市场,促进了农产品的流通,同时也加大了对农产品市场的信息需求。由于山西省在农产品信息描述和信息应用环境等方面尚未形成统一标准,致使大量的信息处于分散状态,不能实现全社会的数据共享,造成了信息资源浪费和效率损失。通过建立农产品供求信息对接标准,可以有效推动山西省农产品市场的发展,提高农产品流通效率,促进山西农业经济发展。     

论网络环境下著作权合理使用的界定

网络环境下，如何在作者、传播者和使用者之间建立平衡，以适应通讯技术与数字技术的发展，合理使用制度发挥着不可忽视的缓和作用。文章提出著作权合理使用的判断标准，并对其合理使用的范围做了界定。     

论账务鉴定的类型及方法

随着我国国民经济的迅猛发展,涉及财务会计业务的刑事、民事和行政案件大幅增长,各类新型的财务会计问题在诉讼中不断出现,使得司法会计活动在各类诉讼中收集、发现、提供证据的作用日益重要。本文就司法会计鉴定实务中的账务鉴定部分,包括账务鉴定的含义、类型、鉴定原理和操作规程,进行了深入探讨,以适应不断变化的新形势的需要,期望为完善司法会计理论与实务提供建议。     

完善我国刑事诉讼证明标准的思考

刑事诉讼中的证明标准是刑事证据制度和刑事证明活动的重点。当事人行使诉权、律师行使代理诉讼权、法院行使审判权、检察机关行使监督权、学者们研究与评判法院判决中对查明事实的认定，都离不开证明标准。我国目前刑事诉讼证明标准的规范抽象，且缺乏科学性。因此，可以借鉴外国的立法经验，确立法律真实刑事诉讼证明标准，构建适合我国国情的刑事诉讼证明标准体系。     

Kidnap for Ransom in South East Asia

Kidnapping for ransom is not a new phenomenon. According to the Control Risk Group, an international risk consultancy, kidnappings of foreign nationals globally have increased by 275% over the past 10 years. High profile incidents such as the tourist kidnappings in 2000 by the Abu Sayyaf group, operating out of the troubled southern region of the Philippines, show that South East Asia has its own regionalised kidnapping hotspots. It is suspected that a high proportion of kidnappings are perpetrated by economically motivated crime groups but it is not possible to estimate with any degree of accuracy what percentage can be attributed to organised crime. This article will provide an overview of the problem, drawing upon existing literature available in the public domain. A typological discussion will show the critical differences between the various categories of kidnapping. The reliability of existing statistics, categorisation and recording of kidnapping for ransom will also be scrutinised, in particular for their variability across the region, to see whether this presents a barrier to a better understanding of the size and seriousness of the problem. As kidnapping for ransom incidents are becoming increasingly transnational in character, the final section will highlight the desirability of formulating and agreeing upon regional standardised definitions and counting rules for kidnap.     

Characterization of human DNA in environmental samples

Environmental samples from indoor surfaces can be confounded by dust, which is composed largely of human skin cells and has been documented to contain roughly tens of micrograms of total DNA per gram of dust. This study complements previous published work by providing estimates of the quantity of amplifiable human DNA found in environmental samples from a typical indoor environment, categorized by the intensity of human traffic and visible quantity of dust. Dust was collected by surface swabbing standard 576 cm² areas in eight locations, and evaluated for total DNA quantity, presence of human DNA (mitochondrial and nuclear loci using conventional PCR), quantity of human nuclear DNA using quantitative PCR, and STR analysis. The total DNA content of 36 dust samples ranged from 9 to 28 ng/cm², and contained 0.2–1.1 pg/cm² of human DNA. Overall, human DNA was detected in 97% of 36 dust samples and 61% of samples yielded allele distributions of varying degrees of complexity when subjected to STR analysis. The implications of this study are twofold. First, the presence of dust in evidence can be a significant contamination source in forensic investigations because the human DNA component is of sufficient quality and quantity to produce allele calls in STR analysis. This can be effectively managed by implementing stringent protocols for collection and analysis of potential biological samples. A second implication is the use of dust as a source of evidence for identification of inhabitants within a defined location. In the latter case, a number of additional studies would be necessary to identify relevant pretreatments for environmental dust samples and to develop the necessary deconvolution techniques to separate the composite genotypes obtained.     

试论我国死刑案件的证明标准

与国外刑事证明标准相比，我国死刑案件的证明标准“案件事实清楚、证据确实充分”存在过于理想化的“客观真实”，缺乏操作性等弊端。需要对我国死刑案件的证明标准进行重构：即区分定罪程序和量刑程序，对定罪程序适用“排除合理怀疑”的证明标准；在量刑程序中对于控方主张判处死刑的情形应适用“排除一切怀疑”的证明标准。     

试论亲子鉴定

什么是亲子鉴定?为什么需要做亲子鉴定?亲子鉴定提起的主体及几种情形,亲子鉴定的社会意义.亲子鉴定的是与非.由此而引起的争论.亲子鉴定在司法实践中作为证据使用时应该注意的问题.在社会转型时期人们信用的危机,婚姻家庭所面临的考验.