Bioinformatics Approach to Assess the Biogeographical Patterns of Soil Communities: The Utility for Soil Provenance,

Soil DNA profiling has potential as a forensic tool to establish a link between soil collected at a crime scene and soil recovered from a suspect. However, a quantitative measure is needed to investigate the spatial/temporal variability across multiple scales prior to their application in forensic science. In this study, soil DNA profiles across Miami‐Dade, FL, were generated using length heterogeneity PCR to target four taxa. The objectives of this study were to (i) assess the biogeographical patterns of soils to determine whether soil biota is spatially correlated with geographic location and (ii) evaluate five machine learning algorithms for their predictive ability to recognize biotic patterns which could accurately classify soils at different spatial scales regardless of seasonal collection. Results demonstrate that soil communities have unique patterns and are spatially autocorrelated. Bioinformatic algorithms could accurately classify soils across all scales with Random Forest significantly outperforming all other algorithms regardless of spatial level.     

Forensic Application of SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID System in Han Population of Eastern ChinaCSCD

Objective: To investigate the genetic polymorphism of 21 autosomal STR loci and DYS391 locus of SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID system in Han population of eastern China and to evaluate its application value in forensic science. Methods: Typing test of 2 000 unrelated individuals was performed using SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID system. The population genetic parameters of STR loci were statistically analysed. A total of 3 198 parentage confirmed cases were detected with that system and the mutation conditions were observed in 21 autosomal STR loci. Results: All the 21 autosomal STR loci showed no significant departure from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). The Ho ranged from 0.617 5 to 0.927 0. The DP ranged from 0.796 4 to 0.986 9, as well as the PIC distributed from 0.561 1 to 0.912 3. The CDP was 0.999 999 999 999 999. The CPEduo was 0.999 997 431 701 961, while CPEtrio was 0.999 999 999 654 865. Five alleles were detected in DYS391 locus, with the allele frequency from 0.004 0 to 0.729 0, and GD was 0.418 9. Except D13S317 and D10S1248, seventy-six mutation events were observed at the rest nineteen autosomal STR loci. Among them, seventy-five (98.68%) were one step mutation, and only one (1.32%) was three steps mutation. The mutation rate ranged from 0.246 5×10-3 to 2.711 4×10-3, and the averaged mutation rate was 0.892 1×10-3 (95% CI: 0.70×10-3-1.10×10-3). In 33 trio mutation cases, the proportion of the paternal mutation and the maternal mutation was 2.09 :1. Conclusion: The involved STRs are highly polymorphic in Eastern Han population with acceptable mutation rates by the SiFaSTRTM 23plex DNA ID system, which is suitable for paternity testing and individual identification. © 2018 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

对发达国家行业组织模式及职能的比较与借鉴

英美和德日法等发达国家行业组织的不同模式及职能在现代经济管理和国家治理中均发挥着重要作用对其进行比较研究,对于我国行业组织的发展模式的选择和借鉴将有重大裨益。     

论严格相符标准的软化处理--轻微瑕疵例外

由于严格相符标准过于机械、刚性,各国对其进行了适当的软化处理(Soften Processing).轻微瑕疵例外就是其中得到各国多数学者和法官支持的一个理论.本文对轻微瑕疵例外的概念进行了总结,并分析了其构成要件,进而对国际商会的UCP500和ISBP规则已接受该理论进行了论证.我国法院在信用证案件审理过程中也应接受轻微瑕疵例外理论.     

试论刑事诉讼证明标准理念

刑事诉讼证明标准理念与证明标准是两种不同层次的法律概念。证明标准理念是关于证明标准的法律观念,证明标准则是证明标准理念的具体体现。证明标准理念分为法律真实的证明标准理念与事实真实的证明标准理念。对刑事诉讼证明标准理念的探讨,不仅有助于丰富刑事诉讼证明的内容,而且有利于对刑事诉讼证明标准问题的正确认识和准确把握。     

谈高校学报编辑部纸质型期刊的管理

纸质型期刊具有相对稳定、较大收藏价值和较高查阅率的特点,因此,电子期刊不可能取代纸质型期刊。学报编辑部小型的资料阅览室要积极应对时代的发展,自建纸贡型专业型期刊篇名数据库,建立学报编辑部的计算机主页、专题网页,实现纸质型期刊的计算机管理和网络化管理,提高管理人员素质,为教学、科研服务。     

论企业物资回收和废弃物物流管理

作者在文中从企业回收和废弃物物流管理的现状及其发展分析入手,指出其重要作用,并就其系统流程和当前的管理重点、难点及对策进行了分析。     

美国公平劳工协会(FLA)评述

资本在全球范围流动突出了工人阶级内部的激烈竞争,劳动关系逐步出现了以资本为导向的趋势,仅靠一个国家或区域内的工人联合已经不能取得与资本对等的地位.为了维护世界范围内的劳工权利,企业社会责任运动应运而生,通过对美国公平劳工协会评估守则的评述,有利于更好了解企业社会责任运动的实质与作用.     

Higher Capillary Electrophoresis Injection Settings as an Efficient Approach to Increase the Sensitivity of STR Typing

Abstract:  Evidentiary traces may contain low quantities of DNA, and regularly incomplete short tandem repeat (STR) profiles are obtained. In this study, higher capillary electrophoresis injection settings were used to efficiently improve incomplete STR profiles generated from low-level DNA samples under standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) conditions. The method involves capillary electrophoresis with higher injection voltage and extended injection time. STR peak heights increased six-fold. Inherent to the analysis of low-level DNA samples, we observed stochastic amplification artifacts, mainly in the form of allele dropout and heterozygous peak imbalance. Increased stutter ratios and allele drop-in were rarely seen. Upon STR typing of 10:1 admixed samples, the profile of the major component did not become overloaded when using higher injection settings as was observed upon elevated cycling. Thereby an improved profile of the minor component was obtained. For low-level DNA casework samples, we adhere to independent replication of the PCR amplification and boosted capillary electrophoresis.     

Average Probability that a "Cold Hit" in a DNA Database Search Results in an Erroneous Attribution

Abstract:  We consider a hypothetical series of cases in which the DNA profile of a crime-scene sample is found to match a known profile in a DNA database (i.e., a "cold hit"), resulting in the identification of a suspect based only on genetic evidence. We show that the average probability that there is another person in the population whose profile matches the crime-scene sample but who is not in the database is approximately 2( N  −  d ) p _A , where N is the number of individuals in the population, d is the number of profiles in the database, and p _A is the average match probability (AMP) for the population. The AMP is estimated by computing the average of the probabilities that two individuals in the population have the same profile. We show further that if a priori each individual in the population is equally likely to have left the crime-scene sample, then the average probability that the database search attributes the crime-scene sample to a wrong person is ( N  −  d ) p _A .