An Investigation of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder and Depressive Symptomatology among Female Victimsof Interpersonal Trauma

This study examined factors associated with PTSD-depression comorbidity among a sample of 162 adult female rape or assault victims with PTSD, as well as potential differential predictors of PTSD and depression severity. PTSD-only participants reported higher levels of childhood sexual abuse than those with comorbid PTSD and depression, and the PTSD/MDD group reported relatively more distorted trauma-related beliefs, dissociation, PTSD severity, and depression severity. Distorted trauma-related beliefs and dissociation were the strongest unique predictors of higher PTSD and depressive symptoms. Rates of PTSD and depression comorbidity did not appear to be a function of symptom overlap. Study findings suggest possible explanations for the high PTSD and depression comorbidity rates commonly found among victims of interpersonal violence. This research was supported in part by a grant to Patricia A. Resick from the National Institute of Mental Health (R02-MH51509).     

责任阻却性紧急避险的厘清与适用——以受虐妇女杀夫案为视角

目前我国司法实践在处理受虐妇女杀夫案时直接进入量刑阶段,忽视了适用出罪事由实现无罪的可能性。在此类案件中,虽然因不存在正在进行的不法侵害而不能适用正当防卫,但针对危险引发者的防卫行为则可以运用其他紧急权资源。受虐妇女因无法忍受家庭暴力而杀害丈夫的行为,构成防御性紧急避险。然而紧急避险的正当化根据,不应采取功利主义的法益权衡说,而应采取社会团结义务说。即仅在理性人自愿负担的社会团结义务的限度以内才能成立违法阻却事由,因侵害生命的避险行为超出了社会团结义务的限度而无法得以正当化,但可能成立以无期待可能性为基础的责任阻却性紧急避险,这与我国《刑法》第21条的规定并不矛盾。     

论“网络暴力”致人自杀死亡的刑事责任

随着互联网科技的发展,虚拟空间与现实生活的联系越来越紧密,网络暴力事件层出不穷,出现了不少因不堪忍受凌辱而自杀的案例。我国刑法通常认为自杀死亡结果和网络暴力之间不存在因果关系,自杀死亡结果只是情节严重中的结果,但这并不合理。网络暴力的特质在于对精神的强制以及对身心的持续伤害,网络暴力高于普通的精神伤害行为,在特定的情况下网络暴力能成为杀人罪的实行行为并与自杀死亡结果有因果关系。相应地,刑事责任也应重新评价。     

家庭暴力之“家庭”概念的探讨--以《中华人民共和国反家庭暴力法》为视角

家庭暴力的主体范围的界定,既不可过于狭窄,也不可无限制地延伸扩大,应符合我国法律体系的逻辑,并且考虑到公众的理解与接受程度。以婚姻、血缘为基础的包括姻亲关系在内的亲属关系,以及以一般家庭的生活状态相处,能够表现出彼此的情感信任与依赖的类似家庭关系,如同居关系等,他们之间发生的暴力,无论异性还是同性,均构成对家庭关系网中个体之间亲密关系的破坏,就可以认定为家庭暴力,应该纳入反家暴法的防治范围,给予受害者充分的保护,达到全方位防治家庭暴力的目的,实现家庭领域内的正义。     

文件形成时间检验方法综述和评析

文件形成时间鉴定是判断文件真伪的重要途径。文件形成时间鉴定可通过三个技术通道来完成,即墨迹（包括印文印迹）的形成时间、纸制品的形成时间及文件内容的系统性分析。其中以墨迹的书写时间鉴定最为普遍。所以本文选取墨迹的形成时间鉴定技术作为评析重点,系统分析了半个多世纪以来涌现出来的众多墨迹形成时间鉴定的相关技术,并对其具体方法进行了归纳总结和简单的评析。本文在回顾历史、总结现在的基础上,提出了文件形成时间鉴定在未来发展的方向。     

Can We Talk? What We Have Learned About How to Have Productive Conflicts About Family Policy and Family Law

How we handle professional conflicts affects our capacity to help others in conflict. Two AFCC dialogues, one about domestic violence, the other about shared parenting, illustrate the challenges of taking on professional differences. The former resulted in considerable consensus. The latter involved a frank exchange of differences but little overall consensus. It was, however, an important beginning of a critical conversation. Other issues calling out for constructive conflict engagement, include the crisis in providing access to justice for family litigants who cannot afford legal representation. Professional groups must move beyond defending their own self interests to addressing this crisis.     

论强迫交易罪

强迫交易罪是指以暴力、威胁手段强买强卖商品 ,强迫他人提供服务或者强迫他人接受服务 ,情节严重的行为。该罪是我国司法实践中常见的犯罪之一 ,但我国刑法理论对该罪缺乏详细、深入的研究 ,司法机关亦缺乏具有可操作性的司法解释。鉴于此 ,本文详细分析论述了强迫交易罪的犯罪构成特征、罪与非罪的界限、犯罪既遂与未遂的标准以及该罪与抢劫罪、敲诈勒索罪的区别     

Shuttle and Online Mediation: A Review of Available Research and Implications for Separating Couples Reporting Intimate Partner Violence or Abuse

Whether family law cases with a history of severe intimate partner violence and/or abuse (IPV/A cases) should have the option of settling family‐related issues using mediation is the subject of significant debate. Recommendations for potentially safer ways to mediate IPV/A cases have been developed, including shuttle and online mediation. Given the current lack of research on these forms of mediation with IPV/A cases, we review the research on shuttle and online mediation in other contexts and theorize how the findings might apply to IPV/A cases. We argue that, although online and shuttle mediation may benefit IPV/A cases, aspects of these procedures require special considerations.     

Working together: local and global imperatives for women in Mongolia

Mongolia is a country in transition. Domestic violence has just begun to reach the public and political agenda, due in large part to the activism and lobbying of women’s groups within Mongolia. State attention to domestic violence accords with Mongolia’s declared democratic and human rights agendas which are driven by political and economic shifts within society, the influence of trans-national feminism and the activities of two of the most influential non-governmental organisations (NGOs), each of which focus on violence against women. Local, feminist campaigning intersects with the global imperatives of treaty obligations and has resulted in the introduction of new legislation on domestic violence in 2004. Since then it has become apparent that there is a gap between the rhetoric of the law the reality of implementation. Women’s groups are battling this lack of political will to effectively implement changes.

Where are all the victims?

Research Summary The passage of new laws that criminalize the trafficking of persons for labor and sexual services has raised public awareness about the problem of human trafficking. In response, police must understand the problem, identify human trafficking victims, and make arrests. The numbers of victims identified to date, however, has paled in comparison with official estimates, which leads some to question the existence of a human trafficking problem. Missing from this debate is information about how frequently police encounter human trafficking and how well prepared officers are to handle these cases. Analyzing survey responses from a national sample of police agencies in the United States, we found that less than 10% of police agencies identified human trafficking cases from 2000 to 2006. Larger agencies were more likely to identify cases of human trafficking but the agency leader perception about the problem in their local communities as well as taking steps to prepare officers to identify and respond were the most important factors to increasing human trafficking identification by police. Policy Implications This study provides much needed information about why U.S. officials have identified so few human trafficking victims. By understanding how often and under what conditions police find, investigate, and prosecute cases of human trafficking we will be in a better position to identify and overcome barriers to police responses to trafficking and understand the limitations of official statistics about human trafficking. Data from a national survey also provide a baseline measure of police identification of human trafficking against which we can gauge the progress of future anti-trafficking efforts.