Parents’ and non-parents’ beliefs about the cues to deception in children

Previous research has suggested that certain groups of experts are better at detecting deception than others. A possible explanation for this finding is that some expert groups have different beliefs about the cues to deception. This study investigated these beliefs in one such expert group, namely parents. Four different scenarios were presented, each scenario depicting a deception for a child at a different age. For each one, participants were asked to indicate whether behaviours would occur more or less frequently during deception. Some differences were found between parents and non-parents for overall beliefs, however there were few differences in their awareness of situational variations, with all participants being aware that deceptive behaviour could change across situations. Results are discussed in terms of the relationship between beliefs and expertise as well as the importance of direct versus indirect experience in the formation of beliefs about the cues to deception.     

Multilevel Modeling of Direct Effects and Interactions of Peers,Parents, School,and Community Influences on Adolescent Substance Use

This study tested a social-ecological model of adolescent substance use. Multilevel modeling was used to investigate how systems, such as parents, peers, schools, and communities, directly influence and interact together to influence adolescent substance use. Participants included 14,548 (50.3% female) middle school students who were 78.6% White, 5.4% Biracial, 4.8% Asian, 4.8% Black, and 3.6% Hispanic. Participants completed a survey with scales assessing substance use, peer influences, parental influences, and characteristics of their school and community. Hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was used to consider the variation of parental and peer influences on substance use and how schools and communities relate to both substance use and the relationship between substance use and peer and parental factors. Results indicated that a positive school climate and a positive sense of community were associated with less adolescent substance use and that a positive sense of community moderated the relation between peer and parental influence on adolescent substance use, thereby acting as a protective factor.

朱德对党探索中国革命道路的贡献

朱德的一生,见证了中国二十世纪四分之三的历史。他为中华民族的独立、民主、富强事业贡献了毕生的精力。在十年内战、八年抗战、四年反蒋独裁内战的二十二年艰苦斗争中,他为中国共产党探索中国革命道路作出了卓越的贡献。     

A Participant Evaluation of the U.S. Navy Parent Support Program

This study reports on the results of a program evaluation of the U.S. Navy New Parent Support Program (NPSP). NPSP is composed of two components: center-based parenting classes and home-based visits. Data are presented on: (a) satisfaction with program quality, (b) how well the program met its primary objectives (e.g., helps reduce parenting stress), (c) how well the NPSP met its Reasons for Being (RFBs; e.g., Helps service members concentrate on their job), and (d) program impact on mission-related outcomes (i.e., quality of life (QOL), readiness, and program impact on their decision to remain in the military). Results indicate that parents who take part in both the parenting classes and home-based visits report that the program exceeded their expectations, the program improved their perceptions of their parenting and coping skills, they perceived that the program demonstrated the Navy's concern for Sailors and their families, and the program enhanced the family's quality of life. Implications of study findings are discussed.

婚生否认之诉原告资格的立法完善和规范适用

对于婚生否认之诉的原告,目前我国法采取了明确列举的方式,所规定的原告范围较窄。当其他可能的原告起诉时,法院或严格适用法律规范,或扩大原告范围,产生了矛盾裁判。立法应当对能够成立诉权并启动司法审判的适格原告作出周全选择和判断。基于身份权的专属性及国家意欲保护的权利和价值,亲子关系的主体,即父母、子女均有婚生否认之诉原告资格;生父仅在婚生亲子关系不利于子女最佳利益或损害公共利益时,才附条件地具有婚生否认之诉原告资格;父死亡后的继承人因无专属身份关系以及身份公益优位于财产私益的法理,不具有婚生否认之诉原告资格。在立法作出周全选择后,司法实践应当准确把握婚生否认之诉属于形成之诉的本质及立法的文义和目的,遵循形成之诉原告的法定性和封闭性,不得扩大原告范围。     

安乐死的刑事理性问题

在争取安乐死权利运动的推动下,安乐死逐渐获得社会与法律的宽容与认可,并且逐渐获得其相应的法律地位。安乐死有其正当性,但当前尚不具备合法化的现实条件。在此情况下,可以基于刑事理性的科学论证,提出事实上的非犯罪化观点及具体措施。     

Combating the unsilent enemy—noise

Abstract

The cacophony of urban sounds, the roar of overhead jets and the blaring of loud music don't just represent disruptive and interfering sounds—such noises are a danger to our health and well‐being. As health professionals, we are obligated to extend research findings beyond the laboratory and translate them into action programs. We must lobby for anti‐noise regulations, urge industry to design quieter equipment, and educate the public to the dangers of noise and seek their cooperation in combating this “not too silent” invader. The following article should give some direction to these goals.     

朱德参与领导南昌起义和缔造人民军队的卓越贡献

南昌起义是中国共产党缔造人民军队的起点。朱德作为中国人民解放军的主要缔造者之一,他参与并领导了南昌起义,在南昌起义军余部面临绝境的关键时刻,勇担保存新生人民军队革命火种的重任。在转战上井冈山之前,他致力整顿思想,培养新生人民军队坚定的革命意志;建立新的军事指挥制度,加强党对新生人民军队的直接指挥;制定铁的纪律,转变作战形式,提高新生人民军队的生存和发展能力。最后,朱德带领万余人的革命武装上井冈山,与毛泽东领导的秋收起义部队会师,组成名扬天下的“朱毛红军”。     

An Investigation of a Community-based Intervention for Socially Isolated Parents with a History of Child Maltreatment

A randomized field trial was conducted to test the effectiveness of a community-based intervention to enhance the prosocial interaction and psychological well-being of urban, Head Start parents with a history of child maltreatment. One-hundred and sixteen socially isolated parents participated. Forty of these parents had a history of child maltreatment. Maltreatment and non-maltreatment parents were assigned randomly to intervention and control conditions. The intervention involved 10 group-training sessions focusing on the relationship between stress and social support. Analyses revealed a significant main effect for the intervention group with intervention parents reporting lower levels of stress and higher levels of social activity than controls. No main effects for maltreatment status or maltreatment by intervention group interactions were found. Implications for community-based treatment were discussed.