Medicalization and social justice

Most social justice critiques of medical care focus upon the allocation of extant, but scarce, resources. In contrast to that focus, this article explores the preallocative arena of factors which shape the supply and availability of medical care. We identify four such factors: (1)medicalization — the tendency to regard as biologically caused various human problems which were in earlier eras ignored or attributed to other causes; (2)social inclusion — the bringing of economically deprived and socially marginal groups into participation in the medical care system; (3)biomedical transcendence — the elevation of biomedically derived concepts of human function into a social and personal world view; and (4)health absolutism — the ideology which holds individuals accountable for their own health and which, contrary to the thrust of the other factors, deemphasizes access and social equity for professionally provided medical care. While these forces all enhance the place of health as a social value, it is by no means certain that they will lead to a society which is more medically just. The article concludes with an appeal for critical analysis of the processes which shape both the medical care system and the broad social concern with medical care.     

大学生不良心理及其纠正

被誉为"时代骄子"的大学生们,他们在大学校园里学习、生活得如何,一直是家庭和社会所关注的热点问题.因为上大学是莘莘学子第一次走出家门,开始的独立生活.对于这些"初出茅庐"的大孩子们,无论是在生理上还是在心理上,无疑是一个"巨大"的挑战,特别是面对众多的"诱惑",能否把握自己、坚定人生的方向、顺利地度过大学阶段的生活,对每个大学生而言,都是一种考验.文章着重对大学生心理现状进行分析探讨,希望能对他们的健康成长有所裨益.     

政策网络视角下农民工职业健康权益的保障

从公共部门、第三部门和个人三个角度出发,系统地探究我国农民工职业健康现状的原因,并将这三个方面纳入一个全新的视角——政策网络,试图通过三者共同构建起的网络以及网络各主体的协调运转来改善农民工的职业健康状况。     

Changing the Tobacco Use Management System: Blending Systems Thinking with Actor–Network Theory

Managing “wicked” issues like the tobacco epidemic is addressed using a combination of Open Systems Thinking (OST) and Actor–Network Theory (ANT). OST was used to construct a model of the tobacco problem as a management system acting in a broader environment. This highlighted several problems with the current system but provided no mechanism for reform. ANT, the “sociology of translation,” was used for understanding how change occurs. Unlike systems thinking, ANT focuses the contest for change on heterogeneous networks of human and nonhuman actors that must be constructed through a process of defining and defending models of change, building alliances, gaining public acceptance, and finally achieving institutional acceptance of the reform (or of some compromise). We then show how this dual approach can shed light on a current challenge in controlling tobacco, the issue of product regulation, and the broader issue of harm reduction versus harm elimination.     

走向全民健康保险:论中国医疗保障制度的转型

中国已经进入全民医保的时代,但医疗保障体系呈现碎片化的特征,其内部的若干制度安排之间出现了不协调。中国医疗保障体系亟待进一步转型,转型的重点和方向是将基本医疗保障体系从现行分散化、碎片化的社会医疗保险制度,改造为集中化、一体化的社会医疗保险制度,即全民健康保险。推进全民健保是"发展型社会政策"的体现,具有同时促进经济增长和社会发展的双重功效。从短期来看,这是一种简单易行而又可持续的减税计划,可以促进经济增长,有助于经济发展模式的转变;从长远来看,全民健保制度的建立标志着"社会性基础设施"的建设又迈上了一个新的台阶,这必将为中国福利国家的重建奠定基础。     

重庆市北碚区农村医疗卫生现状分析及建议

该文以重庆市北碚区的农村居民为主要调查对象,以其医疗卫生现状为主要调查分析项目,调查新农合发展及现状、村民家庭收入及医疗费用比、农村医疗点分布及就医便利等问题以及农村卫生教育、医疗卫生常识、饮食卫生知识等。通过对比分析与总结,该文在完善农村公共卫生体系建设方面提出建议,即加大资金投入,改善农村公共卫生服务条件、增强农村居民的公共卫生意识、拓展人员培训和人才培养模式,努力提高队伍素质、加强公共卫生服务网站建设,提高公共卫生服务能力等。     

理性对待未成年人前科消灭制度——兼评新《刑事诉讼法》第275条

未成年人前科消灭制度在保护未成年犯罪人合法权益方面具有突出的价值,也存在一定的局限性。以刑事诉讼法修改为背景,以“相对合理主义”的立场分析实现未成年犯罪人个人利益和社会公共利益之间的平衡,分析了建立未成年人前科封存制度以及与之配套的犯罪记录查询制度的合理性。我国刑诉法对这两项制度规定有所不足,应加以完善。     

积极心理学视角下的高职生心理健康初探

积极心理学致力于研究人们积极的情绪体验、个性特征等对心理健康的影响,挖掘美德和能量。积极心理学弥补传统心理学的不足之处。文章在积极心理学视角下挖掘高职生自身的积极力量,分析了教师、校园活动、心理辅导等对高职生心理的影响,为学生心理健康工作提供参考范本。