促进青少年身心健康的体育课程设置研究构想

我国高校的体育教学一直存在着以技术技能教学为主、学生被动接受身体锻炼的弊病。21世纪大学体育教学应进行新的课程设置与构建,通过建立以促进青少年身心健康为核心的新的体育课程设置体系,使大学生能够积极主动地在课堂上掌握体育知识和健身方法,全面提高青少年学生的体质和心理健康水平,指导自己终身从事体育锻炼,通过体育锻炼促进身心和谐发展。     

代际交换对中国农村老年人健康状况的影响:基于性别差异的纵向研究

本文利用西安交通大学2001-2003年“安徽省老年人生活福利状况”跟踪调查数据,采用Logistic模型,研究农村老年人代际交换对其健康状况影响的性别差异。本文发现,男性老人对子女的经济支持和情感交流有利于其健康状况,但子女对其生活照料的增加对其健康状况不利。而女性老人对子女生活照料的增加和情感交流对其健康状况有利,子女对其的经济支持则对其健康状况不利。这种基于老人需求的代际交换模式一方面说明子女对老人经济和生活照料的增加在一定程度上暗含了老人健康状况的恶化;另一方面则体现老人对子女的支持和帮助可能得到子女的回馈和补偿,有利于其健康状况。     

社会性别视野中的健康公平性分析

健康公平是社会公平的重要内容。健康公平性的性别特征是性别平等与否的重要特征。本文利用2000年第二期中国妇女社会地位调查数据、历年人口和卫生统计资料以及其它相关调查结果,对健康公平性的性别特征、地区和城乡差异进行分析。结论认为健康水平、卫生保健服务利用在性别之间、地区之间和城乡之间都存在明显差异。女性与男性相比健康水平更低,健康服务的利用更为有限;边远贫困地区农村妇女健康水平、卫生保健服务利用与城市地区和发达地区妇女相比相对处于劣势。说明中国妇女公平享有卫生保健和提高健康水平还需要政府和社会各方面的进一步努力。     

大学生心理健康状况调查及归因分析

大学生的心理健康状况关系着未来社会的人文品质,他们的心理特点带有强烈的时代色彩。影响大学生心理健康的因素主要有学习压力、恋爱失败、家庭教育、性格特征、就业问题等,面对这些问题应采取促进大学生心理健康的策略。     

Middle School Aggression and Subsequent Intimate Partner Physical Violence

This study examined the relationship between middle-school aggressive behaviors and young adults’ experiences as victims and perpetrators of intimate partner physical violence. As part of the Reach for Health longitudinal study, surveys were conducted with 977 8th graders who were resurveyed as young adults, when lifetime partner violence was assessed. In this economically disadvantaged sample, the prevalence of middle-school aggression and subsequent partner violence are high among both males and females. In middle school, 32% of girls and 42% of boys reported being in a recent fight and 12% of girls and 17% of boys had threatened another with a weapon. By the time they were 19–20 years old, about 35% of females and males reported being the victims of one or more forms of partner violence; 35% of females and 22% of males reported one or more forms of perpetration. Controlling for socio-demographic characteristics, middle-school aggression is a significant risk factor for partner victimization and perpetration. Early aggression remains an independent predictor of partner violence perpetration and victimization for males and perpetration for females when other middle-school risk behaviors and exposures to physical aggression in the childhood home are taken into account. To reduce partner violence through young adulthood, findings suggest the importance of early interventions that help adolescents learn non-violent strategies for resolving conflicts in cross-gender relationships.Principal Investigator for the study.Co-Principal Investigator and Senior Methodologist.Responsible for developing the survey instrument.Responsible for pilot testing the survey instrument and overseeing field operations.Responsible for data management and conducted statistical analyses.Responsible for convening the Community Advisory Board and developing the survey instrument.     

Protracted Refugee Situations: Parallel Health Systems and Planning for the Integration of Services

The international community typically responds to refugee situationsby establishing ‘care and maintenance’ programmesspecifically for refugees. Limited resources may also be directedto hosting communities, but donors often channel the bulk offunding through UNHCR and its implementing partner NGOs, whoin turn create service delivery structures that are operatedin parallel to local structures. Although there may be causefor this approach in a short-term emergency phase, particularlyif the host country systems are very weak, this eventually becomesfinancially problematic if refugees continue to live in exilefor years at a time. In the short term, it can also engenderan inequitable and inefficient use of scarce resources. Thispaper traces the evolution and impact of implementing refugeehealth services in parallel to local systems using observationsfrom Uganda, and offers Quality Design as a model for planningthe local integration of services.     

LEGAL USE OF MENTAL HEALTH EVALUATIONS IN CHILD PROTECTION PROCEEDINGS

The authors examine the use of mental health evaluations in legal decision making within a large, urban juvenile court system. The focus was on court files in child protection cases relating to 171 randomly selected mental health evaluations completed on parents and 44 evaluations completed on children. Parent evaluations (46.7%) were much more likely to be present in court files than child evaluations (5.9%), and evaluations conducted by in-house court clinicians (63.8%) were more often present than those conducted by noncourt clinicians (37.5%). References to evaluations in child welfare, legal, or mental health documents varied with the type of information, subject (parent or child), and source of the evaluation. Findings and/or recommendations of evaluations were cited in legal or mental health documents for approximately two thirds of parent evaluations but only one third of child evaluations. Evaluation findings and/or recommendations were stated as a basis for legal decisions in 36.2% of court-based parent evaluations, 21.0% of noncourt-based parent evaluations, and 2.3% of child evaluations. These results provide evidence of a modest impact of parent evaluations on legal decisions and notably less impact for child evaluations. The authors suggest directions for future research and practice in order to increase the accessibility and usefulness of clinical evaluations in legal decision making.     

提高警察群体身心健康水平的对策与思考

大幅度提高公安民警的身心健康水平应受到党和政府的高度关注,这是公安机关乃至全社会应该认真思考的一个社会问题。本文在调查研究的基础上,对提高警察群体身心健康水平作了一些对策性思考。     

The elderly's access to health care services: The crude and subtle impacts of Medicare changes

Medicare, the federal government's health insurance program for the aged and disabled, has been subjected to a number of legislative and regulatory changes since 1981 aimed at reducing the costs of the program. About a third of the cutbacks have been in activities that directly increase patient cost sharing. Other changes, while aimed at improving efficiency, may also shift costs onto program beneficiaries. This paper estimates the differential impacts of such program changes by age and income of elderly Medicare enrollees and discusses the likely resulting impact on their access to care. Surprisingly, such equity concerns have been largely overlooked in the policy debate concerning cost containment under Medicare.     

中外妇女生殖健康比较研究

女性生殖健康是妇女的一项基本人权,也是妇女解放程度和妇女地位提高的重要标志.中国妇女许多生殖健康指标已经达到甚至超过发达国家水平,表明尽管中国经济水平和整体医疗保健水平尚未达到中等发达国家水平,但中国妇女尤其是广大农村妇女生殖保健水平得到国家在现有条件下的最好关照.在这一领域,中国妇女已经获得比世界许多国家包括许多中等发达国家更高的解放程度和社会及家庭地位.中国政府在经济文化水平欠发达条件下对人权的争取和维护,在妇女生殖健康问题上得到最充分的诠释.