In silico toxicity as a tool for harm reduction: A study of new psychoactive amphetamines and cathinones in the context of criminal science

The emergence of new psychoactive substances (NPS) has raised many issues in the context of law enforcement and public drug policies. In this scenario, interdisciplinary studies are crucial to the decision-making process in the field of criminal science. Unfortunately, information about how NPS affect people's health is lacking even though knowledge about the toxic potential of these substances is essential: the more information about these drugs, the greater the possibility of avoiding damage within the scope of a harm reduction policy. Traditional analytical methods may be inaccessible in the field of forensic science because they are relatively expensive and time-consuming. In this sense, less costly and faster in silico methodologies can be useful strategies. In this work, we submitted computer-calculated toxicity values of various amphetamines and cathinones to an unsupervised multivariate analysis, namely Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and to the supervised techniques Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy and Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis (SIMCA and PLS-DA) to evaluate how these two NPS groups behave. We studied how theoretical and experimental values are correlated by PLS regression. Although experimental data was available for a small amount of molecules, correlation values reproduced literature values. The in silico method efficiently provided information about the drugs. On the basis of our findings, the technical information presented here can be used in decision-making regarding harm reduction policies and help to fulfill the objectives of criminal science.     

Pat‐Downs But No Hugs: Why Prison Visitation Protocol Should be Changed to Help Keep Familial Structures Intact

In the United States there are almost three million children who have one or both parents incarcerated. Parental incarceration negatively impacts children in several ways. Visitation protocol varies across facilities nationwide with no modification in protocol for minors. Parental rights are disrupted by visitation protocol because of cost‐prohibitive access and extreme security measures. This Note proposes a model statute that would change visitation protocol to facilitate a clear‐cut set of visitation processes that are tailored to ensure prison safety while also fostering and maintaining a positive relationship between a minor child and his/her incarcerated parent.     

Considering Destructive Interparental Conflict and Intimate Partner Abuse: Is there a Difference?

Building on existing evidence that destructive interparental conflict and intimate partner abuse (IPA) share research methodology and predict the same adjustment difficulties across numerous areas of child development, this article brings awareness to differences in terminology across disciplines and the impact these nuanced differences may have on families. We begin by identifying two main streams of scholarships followed by a discussion of research methodology similarities and differences. Important implications of differences in naming conventions for practitioners, legal and academic scholars, and victims are then discussed. Finally, we encourage professionals from both scholarships to consider referencing the other's terminology and using comprehensive assessments to better promote the well‐being of families.     

改革社会事业投资方式提高社会经济效益

选择适宜社会事业发展需要的投资方式与方法是当前投融资体制改革面临的重要任务.纯公共产品领域、准公共产品领域、产业化领域等应分别采取符合自身特点的投资方式.     

论优先权的种类

优先权制度的立法目的在于破除债权平等,追求实质的公平和正义,是维护公共利益和推行特殊的社会政策需要而赋予债权人的一种特权.这种特权制度,对其他债权人来说是一种"真正的痛苦".因而,立法者在考虑赋予哪些债权以优先权保障时,非常重视债权本身的性质或发生原因.文章对优先权的种类设定作出了严格的限制,将优先权的具体种类限定在基于为全体(或特定)债权人利益而发生的共益费用和基于生存权的需要而产生的债权两大类.     

在变革中发展深化的中国经济法学

中国经济法学在发展历程中,经历了经济法的表面繁荣到相对沉寂。从各种学说林立众说纷纭,到渐趋一致基本赞同经济法调整市场竞争关系和宏观调控关系;从单纯关注经济法基础理论到注重实用性研究;从以前苏联为蓝本创建体系到立足中国市场体制和中国实践提出新的学说理论。但是在演进过程中,仍然存在一些危及经济法发展的倾向,如务实变成了惟实,厌恶甚至否弃经济法基础理论的研究;盛行引经据典之风反而销蚀了独立思考的能力;不规范的学术批评损害了经济法学术共同体的建立;固执和偏见阻碍经济法学科的建设;被补充的智识、被援引的方法和被转换的视角与经济法学本体结合不紧,还没有真正彻底地经济法学化。经济法具有突出的国别性和本土化特性,因此经济法研究应立足本国,自主创新,中国的本土资源能够促成中国经济法(学)自主发展。     

“良性非均衡发展”与江苏“江海联动”开发

“江海联动”以江苏沿江、沿海为基本发展轴线,以“联动”发展为途径,以资源整合、产业互动、布局拓展为基本手段,在行政区联动、经济带联动、开发战略联动等方面,实现江苏区域经济的“良性非均衡”发展。     

试论环境公益诉讼适格原告

环境公益诉讼是一种新型的诉讼。它突破了传统诉讼中对原告资格的限制,为世界多数国家所采纳。而我国现行的诉讼法却对原告资格进行了较多的限制,阻碍了环境诉讼和环境保护。从理论和司法实践两方面分析了在我国扩大原告资格的依据,将直接受害人、社会一般公众、社会组织、检察机关和后代人列为环境公益诉讼的适格原告。     

世界现代化进程的反思

世界现代化进程迄今已经历三次大推进的浪潮,先后有三批国家被卷入其中。其中,只有第一批国家的现代化属于地道的内源型现代化,它是西欧社会独特历史条件下的产物。第二批国家实现现代化的条件与第一批国家已有很大的差别,它们一开始就处于一种内外交困的状态。对于第三批国家来说,现代化与社会稳定的关系问题已变得空前地棘手,因为它们的现代化不可避免地要受制于一系列“迟发效应”。面对这样一些“迟发效应”,任何一个国家要想实现在第三次现代化浪潮中的起飞,都必须在全力推进现代化的同时牢固地保持社会各方面的协调和稳定。