滋肾通络祛浊法治疗糖尿病肾病肾功能不全失代偿期临床研究

目的:观察滋肾通络祛浊法治疗糖尿病肾病肾功能不全失代偿期的临床疗效.方法:将69例糖尿病肾病肾功能不全失代偿期患者随机分为治疗组35例和对照组34例,治疗组在基础治疗同时服用滋肾通络祛浊中药,对照组在基础治疗同时服用百令胶囊.观察两组患者临床疗效、中医证候积分以及糖代谢、脂代谢和肾功能等生化指标的变化.结果:治疗组中医证候积分显著低于对照组(P<0.01);治疗组总有效率(71.43%)和稳定率(91.43%)均显著高于对照组的26.47%、54.29%(P<0.01);治疗组肾功能异常、血脂紊乱、糖代谢紊乱显著改善,且优于对照组(P<0.01).结论:滋肾通络祛浊法为主治疗糖尿病肾病肾功能不全失代偿期,具有改善肾功能和临床症状及调节血脂的作用.     

Simple and simultaneous quantification of cyanide,ethanol, and 1-propanol in blood by headspace GC–MS/NPD with Deans switch dual detector system

Cyanide is a powerful and rapidly acting poison. In Japan, cyanide poisoning is rare, and regular cyanide testing can be costly and time consuming. In contrast, alcohol analysis is routinely performed in most forensic laboratories. In this study, we attempted to develop a method for the simultaneous quantification of cyanide and alcohols in blood using headspace gas chromatography (HS–GC). As nitrogen-phosphorus detection (NPD) is more sensitive to hydrogen cyanide than mass spectrometry (MS), a Deans switch was used to switch the detectors during a single run. The separation provided by three analytical columns, PoraBOND Q, CP-Sil 5 CB, and HP-INNOWax, was investigated, and PoraBOND Q was selected. The use of HS–GC–MS/NPD with a Deans switch enabled the simple and simultaneous quantification of cyanide, ethanol, and 1-propanol. Eighteen other volatile compounds were detected in the SIM/scan mode of the MS.     

糖尿病患者血液生化、血细胞分析与中医辨证关系

目的：探讨108例糖尿病及其并发症患血清生化、血细胞分析及血压、胰肾大小与中医辨证关系。方法：对糖尿病患进行中医辨证分型，采用全自动生化分析仪、电解质分析仪和血细胞分析仪测定生化、电解质、血细胞等指标。结果：气阴两虚型和阴阳两虚型糖尿病患，血浆总蛋白、白蛋白较正常对照组显性降低（P＜0．01），而胆固醇无显性差异（P＞0．05），血糖明显升高（P＜0．01）；血清钙离子较对照组显性下降（P＜0．01）。阴阳两虚型糖尿病患血压、胰头、肾脏较正常对照组有明显差异（P＜0．01或P＜0．05）；红细胞、红细胞比容、平均红细胞体积均较正常对照组显性下降（P＜0．01），平均血红蛋白含量及平均血红蛋白浓度较正常对照组增高（P＜0．01）。结论：阴阳两虚型糖尿病患存在糖、脂肪和蛋白质三大物质代谢紊乱，钙离子代谢紊乱，及其血压、胰头、肾脏大小及血细胞明显变化，有助于中医辨证客观化。     

Blood and sperm traces on human hair. A study on preservation and detection after 3-month outdoor exposure

Hair can retain important biological traces for forensic investigations. Forensic scientists are used to looking for such traces on clothing and skin of victims, however, when decomposition kicks in and all that remains of the victims is the skeleton, hair may be the only tissue representing the surface of the body at the time of a crime on which biological traces of an aggressor may have been left and still be detectable. Given the lack of research on this topic, this pilot study aims to assess the capacity of hair to retain semen and blood in hair, and the possibility to detect these fluids with well-known techniques and to obtain a useful genetic profile even when exposed to environmental conditions (Open Natural Environment (woods), Open Man Made Environment (urban)) for three months.Results showed that both traces were always visible and detectable with almost all techniques in the Control Environment, while in the two open environments some difficulties arose. However, biomolecular analysis was effective up to three months on both fluids in the Natural Environment and up to two months and one week respectively on blood and semen in the Man Made Environment. The Combur Test, OBTI, and Luminol were effective on blood up to three months in both environments while Sperm-HY-Liter and observation of cellular components were effective on semen up to at least 1 month and PSA testing was positive up to 1 week in both environments.The present work can be considered an encouraging starting point for the analysis of biological traces on hair in forensic contexts, regardless of the PMI, since blood and semen related to a crime may survive.     

心气虚,脾气虚患者血液动力学,流变学的研究

The article observed parameters of hemodynamics and hemorheology of 101 cases of patients with deficiency of heart Qi (DHQ) , 43 cases of patients with deficiency of the splenic Qi ( DSQ ) and 25 cases of normal people''s, discovered that heart function of DHQ was significantly lower (low VPE,CO)and hemorheologlical parameters of DHQ were significantly higher ( high solidify and viscosity ) than that of normal people''s, P<0.05 or 0.01; that heart function and hemorheological parameters of DSQ were lower than that of the normal people''s (low VPE, QO and viscosity), P<0.05 or 0.01. So authers considered that low heart function was common, feature of deficiency of Qi(DQ); the distinct changes of hemorheological parameters reflected the difference of mechanism between DHQ and DSQ.     

The typing of group-specific component (Gc protein) in human blood stains

It is known that the typing of group-specific component (Gc protein) in human blood stains is difficult since Gc protein of the extracts of blood stains migrates more anodally to the α₁-globulin region in agar-gel immunoelectrophoresis, while Gc protein in liquid blood normally migrates to the α₂-globulin region. We have reported that the Gc protein found in the α₁-region is the result of binding of actin to Gc protein (Shinomiya, K., Kimura, H., Yoshida, K., and Shinomiya, T., J. Biochem., 92 (1982) 1163–1171, which renders it difficult to determine the Gc-phenotypes in the blood stains. On the basis of the above findings, we developed the method of phenotyping the Gc protein of human blood stains by agar-gel immunoelectrophoresis. Since the binding activity of actin to Gc protein is lost after treatment with a high concentration of guanidine HCl, the extracts of blood stains were treated with 4 M guanidine HCl to dissociate Gc protein and actin and then dialyzed to remove guanidine HCl. By this method we are able to determine the phenotypes of Gc protein in blood stains. The method we have developed is a useful tool in the forensic laboratory.     

从“血荒”现象看《献血法》在实施中的问题与完善

我国《献血法》在实施中存在一些问题：“血荒”现象在很多地方存在;目前的还血政策不能很好地激励公民献血的积极性;法律对医疗机构紧急用血规定不完善,“见死不救”,“救人违法”的矛盾在现实中还存在;部分临床用血的血液来源存在安全隐患。应当教育、动员、招募一支固定无偿献血者队伍,适当放宽献血的条件。提高血站的管理水平和服务质量、加强无偿献血及免费用血系统的网络化建设、适当扩大医疗机构在紧急用血时的权限。     

Chemical enhancement of footwear impressions in blood on fabric – Part 1: Protein stains

A range of protein stains were utilised for the enhancement of footwear impressions on a variety of fabric types of different colours with blood as a contaminant. A semi-automated stamping device was used to deliver test impressions at a set force to minimise the variability between impressions; multiple impressions were produced and enhanced by each reagent to determine the repeatability of the enhancement. Results indicated that while most protein stains used in this study successfully enhanced impressions in blood on light coloured fabrics, background staining caused interference on natural fabrics. Enhancement on dark coloured fabrics was only achieved using fluorescent protein stains, as non-fluorescent protein stains provided poor contrast.A further comparison was performed with commercially available protein staining solutions and solutions prepared within the laboratory from the appropriate chemicals. Both solutions performed equally well, though it is recommended to use freshly prepared solutions whenever possible.     

论侵权责任法对血液损害赔偿责任的规定

根据侵权责任法对血液损害赔偿的归责原则,医疗机构除了承担过错责任外,也承担无过错责任。侵权责任法规定医疗机构在向受到损害的患者承担无过错赔偿责任后有权向血液提供机构追索赔偿,较之以往的相关法律有了巨大进步。但由于规定比较笼统,文字表述也存在歧义,尚有值得商榷之处。     

Chemical enhancement of footwear impressions in blood deposited on fabric — Evaluating the use of alginate casting materials followed by chemical enhancement

Most footwear marks made in blood on a surface such as fabric tend to be enhanced in situ rather than physically recovered using a lifting technique prior to enhancement. This work reports on the use of an alginate material to recover the impressed footwear marks made in blood and deposited on a range of fabric types and colours. The lifted marks were then enhanced using acid black 1 and leuco crystal violet with excellent results.This presents a new method for the lifting and recovery of blood impressions in situ from crime scene followed by subsequent mark enhancement of the lifted impression.