浅议我国食品安全法律规制问题

近年,层出不穷的食品安全事件引起了人们对我国现有食品安全法律制度的思考。制度的缺失和执法的不力成为导致我国食品安全问题频发的两大因素。本文以我国食品安全问题现状为切入点,分析了现行食品安全法律制度的不足,提出了相关完善建议,以期对我国食品安全法律规制建设有所裨益。     

企业社会责任视角下的食品安全法律对策研究

食品安全问题产生的主要原因是食品企业缺乏社会责任,强化食品企业在食品安全上的社会责任是解决食品安全问题的基础和关键。食品企业作为食品安全第一责任人,应承担起自身的社会责任。同时政府要在全社会倡导企业社会责任意识、完善立法、加强食品安全监管。     

绿色食品新概念与食品安全举措

在食品科技日益进步的今天,发生在世界各地和我国一些地方的各种各样的食品质量安全事件不绝于耳。一个时期以来人们谈"食"色变,吃动物怕激素,吃植物怕毒素,喝饮料怕色素。能吃什么,心里没数,造成人人自危现象,进而迫使人们增强回归自然理念,崇尚绿色有机无公害食品,让人们吃得安全、健康和放心,已成为全球关注的焦点。     

对我国食品安全现状的思考

食品是人类赖以生存和发展的物质基础,食品安全已远远超越人们对维持生命基本物质需要这样的简单层次,但我国的食品安全监管尚存在诸多问题,导致＂毒奶粉＂等食品安全事件频发。因此,需要从完善我国食品安全监管体制、建立食品安全监管的保障体系、提高食品安全监管效能、建立食品安全突发事件应急机制、建立食品安全监管的社会推动机制等五个方面提出对策建议,以此促进我国食品安全事业的健康发展。     

The Fallout to the Guide to the Proposed Basin Plan

The political fallout from the release of the Guide to the Proposed Basin Plan in the Murray‐Darling is illustrative of the difficulties associated with reallocating water resources in this context. The response of Minister Burke has been somewhat predictable, with a resurgent interest in public subsidy of irrigation infrastructure evident. This article is used to examine the policy background to the Guide and critically consider further subsidy of irrigation infrastructure. The article concludes that infrastructure investment at the expense of the public purse will fail to deal with the problems at hand and generate a plethora of additional future problems.     

Laryngeal Choking on Food and Acute Ethanol Intoxication in Adults—An Autopsy Study*

Abstract: The retrospective autopsy study included 98 adults who died because of laryngeal choking on a bolus of food: 67 men and 31 women (χ² = 6.843, p < 0.01), average age 58.61 ± 15.87 years (range 26–92 years). Most of the subjects had poor dentition (χ² = 34.327, p < 0.01). Twenty individuals died in medical institutions, and 78 were nonhospitalized individuals. More than a third of the nonhospitalized individuals were under the influence of ethanol at the moment of death: average blood concentration 8.3 g/dL (SD = 11.0), ranged from 5.0 to 36.0. Nonhospitalized persons were at the moment of event more often under influence of ethanol than the subjects in control group (χ² = 38.874, p < 0.01), and at the same time significantly more intoxicated (z = −7.126, p < 0.01). Our study pointed out that poor dentition and impairment of the swallowing reflex, as a consequence of ethanol intoxication in individuals without mental disorders, were the most important risk factors for bolus death.     

强制隔离戒毒取代劳教戒毒的必要与可行——以《禁毒法》的相关规定为视角

2008年6月1日我国首部《禁毒法》正式实施,该法取消了劳动教养戒毒,将强制戒毒和劳教戒毒统一为强制隔离戒毒,这对于我国劳动教养制度是一次巨大的冲击,也是此次《禁毒法》中的一项重大立法突破。本文从强制隔离戒毒取代劳教戒毒入手,指出了劳动教养戒毒面临的困境和存在的问题,并在认识到强制隔离戒毒是对劳教戒毒的改革和发展的基础上,分析了这一改革的必要性和可行性。     

从"卡斯尔伯里食品案"看我国食品召回的法律规制

近年来,我国食品安全事件频发,食品安全形势十分严峻,严重地危害着人民群众的生命健康,完善食品相关法律制度,健全相关法律法规成为当务之急。由美国卡斯尔伯里紧急召回90种疑似染肉毒杆菌食品案入手,提出问题,通过分析我国质量监督检验检疫总局出台的《食品召回管理规定》相关立法规定,认为我国食品安全召回制度还存在些许缺陷与不足,并提出规制食品召回制度的对策和建议。     

零工经济从业者工作时间配置与生活质量：抑制还是促进？

工作时间配置有数量和结构两层含义，具体表现为工作绝对时长、工作相对时长以及各种工作 时间占比。研究基于时间配置视角，将个人生活质量分为工作生活质量、闲暇生活质量、家庭生活质量以及生 理生活质量 4 个维度，以外卖骑手为研究对象，通过问卷调查收集数据，并采用结构方程模型分析工作时间配 置对零工经济从业者生活质量的影响。实证结果表明：零工经济从业者工作绝对时长变化会产生收入效应、倦 怠效应和替代效应，与工作生活质量呈 M 型非线性关系，与闲暇生活质量、家庭生活质量和生理生活质量均呈 倒 U 型关系；工作相对时长则会通过抑制工作恢复降低工作、闲暇以及生理生活质量；对于外卖骑手而言，对 骑手工作依赖度越高，其生活质量越低。研究建议，应健全和完善制度体系，培养劳动者多维技能，让劳动者 科学管理工作时间，以提升零工经济从业者的生活质量。     

“Carrying the black pot”: Food safety and risk in China's reactive regulatory state

This paper explores the struggles of China's party-state to address chronic food safety problems by adopting international best practices of risk-based regulation. Despite formally adopting risk-based approaches for targeting inspections and enforcement in 2002, implementation has been halting and uneven, as we show in the first analysis of risk-based regulation beyond its OECD heartlands. Drawing on policy document analysis and 36 key informant interviews with food business operators and government officials working on food safety regulation at every level of the state, we identify contradictions between official commitments to risk-based inspection and top-down demands for zero tolerance and strict accountability, which leave local inspectors preoccupied with avoiding blame more than reducing safety risks. Our analysis advances recent scholarship on regulatory states of the global South by highlighting how risk-based ideas, instruments, and practices are refracted through the distinctive norms and style of China's reactive regulatory state.