公司经营者忠实和勤勉义务诉讼研究——以14省、直辖市的137件判决书为样本

对14个省、直辖市的基层、中级和高级法院的137件经营者忠实和勤勉义务纠纷案件判决的统计显示：当前绝大多数涉案公司是有限责任公司和各类外商投资企业;以忠实义务为焦点的案件占绝大多数;大量案件的争议事项超出了法律列举的董事、监事和高管的禁止行为,法院经常援用概括性条款作出判决。法院在审判中进行不同形式的法律解释：一方面,多数判决倾向于形式化审查和机械解释,法院尽量避免脱离法律、行政法规和公司章程的实体性和程序性规则作出判断;另一方面,少数判决对案件进行实质性审查,对法条进行创新解释。审判实践提出的核心问题是,如何解释和适用《公司法》第148条第一款中作为概括条款的忠实义务和勤勉义务。     

补肾方含药血清处理的大鼠成骨细胞miRNA差异表达

目的 筛选补肾方含药血清干预的大鼠成骨细胞中差异表达的miRNA,为补肾方治疗骨质疏松症提供可供选择的目标miRNA,以探讨其通过调控靶基因表达发挥治疗效应的机制。方法 经细胞性状鉴定的原代大鼠成骨细胞用含药血清干预,采用miRNA芯片检测补肾方含药血清干预3 d与干预1 d的成骨细胞miRNA表达水平,并挑选差异表达2倍以上的miRNA进行定量PCR验证。结果 培养的原代细胞具有典型的成骨细胞性状特征。与对照血清相比,补肾方含药血清干预3 d的成骨细胞共有24个2倍以上表达差异的miRNA,其中上调的16个,下调的8个。差异表达2倍以上的miRNA定量PCR结果与芯片数据一致。结论 补肾方通过成骨细胞中差异表达的miRNA调控靶基因改善骨质疏松症。     

Why is it taking so long to move down the road?: Creating a regional border agreement in the DMV as an alternative for the Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children

The Interstate Compact on the Placement of Children (ICPC) is an agreement between all 50 states and the District of Columbia governing the process of placing a foster child out of state. Notorious for its long wait times and system backlog, the ICPC presents a host of problems for children attempting to move mere minutes across state lines to be with a relative or kin placement instead of state foster care. In an effort to make this process smoother, 18 different “border agreements” have been adopted by several neighboring states across the U.S. Such border agreements give temporary placement licenses to relatives and kin while the ICPC process is ongoing. While this is a good start towards a solution, the ICPC could be further streamlined if border agreements were used more widely, especially in regional contexts. This article considers the possibility of such a regional agreement between the District of Columbia, Maryland, and Northern Virginia (known as the “DMV”). By comparing and contrasting two existing border agreements in these three jurisdictions, a regional DMV border agreement can be created implementing the best terms of both agreements.     

Barriers and enablers of coordination across healthcare system levels

Coordination across healthcare system levels is a global imperative to ensure efficient resource utilization and provide high-quality care. The substantial body of research on coordination in healthcare mainly concerns coordination across professional and organizational domains. Consequently, there is a dearth of empirical research aimed at delineating the determinants of coordination across healthcare system levels. This paper describes and analyses the barriers and enablers of healthcare coordination across national, regional, and local system levels in a populous Swedish region. Individual interviews and focus group discussions, encompassing a total of 63 individuals, were conducted with managers, administrators, and politicians. The findings of the paper underscore that the barriers identified were most often of a structural or institutional character, whereas the enablers of the studied cross-level coordination were mostly relational. Therefore, we propose that future research should aim to further delineate the prerequisites for personal relationships to emerge, as well as how they may act as enablers of coordination across healthcare system levels.     

云计算平台著作权侵权责任认定的内在机理与路径建构

云计算平台作为新型网络服务提供者的典型代表，相较传统网络服务提供者，具有大规模、虚拟化、多租户、回避用户内容等特征，已在一定程度上超出了传统避风港原则的制度设计范畴，为著作权侵权责任的认定带来诸多挑战，既有分析视角呈现抽象有余而体系化不足的趋势。云计算平台著作权侵权责任理论应以注意义务为核心要素，而针对用户上传内容不负有审查义务。在IaaS、PaaS、SaaS等不同服务模式下，云计算平台的注意义务边界应当随着控制对象和控制能力的不同有所区分。在认定云计算平台著作权侵权责任时，司法者应当在坚持“通知—必要措施”的基本方法下，实现“比例原则”的具体运用，同时注重“动态调整”的发展趋势。