复发性流产肾虚证小鼠子宫蜕膜组织miRNA表达谱检测及生物信息学分析

目的 探讨微小RNA（microRNA,miRNA）在复发性流产（repeated spontaneous abortion,RSA）肾虚证小鼠子宫蜕膜组织中的表达特征。方法 运用基因芯片技术对所采集的正常对照组和RSA小鼠蜕膜组织进行miRNA检测,运用Genespring软件对miRNA进行筛选及功能分析。应用生物信息学方法分析差异表达的miRNA及其靶向基因在RSA发生、发展中的作用。结果 芯片检测结果显示正常对照组和RSA肾虚证组筛选出差异表达的miRNA共有63条（22条上调、41条下调）,实时荧光定量PCR验证的miRNA的表达情况与miRNA芯片结果一致。京都基因与基因组百科全书通路富集分析及基因本体分析显示,其差异表达的miRNA涉及到PI3K-Akt信号通路、细胞吞噬通路、癌症通路、黏着斑通路、肌动蛋白细胞骨架调控通路、轴突导向信号、MAPK信号通路、PAP-1信号通路等。结论 RSA肾虚证小鼠子宫蜕膜组织中存在差异表达的micro RNA,可能涉及RSA肾虚证的发生、发展。     

Haptics in forensics: The possibilities and advantages in using the haptic device for reconstruction approaches in forensic science

Non-invasive documentation methods such as surface scanning and radiological imaging are gaining in importance in the forensic field. These three-dimensional technologies provide digital 3D data, which are processed and handled in the computer. However, the sense of touch gets lost using the virtual approach. The haptic device enables the use of the sense of touch to handle and feel digital 3D data. The multifunctional application of a haptic device for forensic approaches is evaluated and illustrated in three different cases: the representation of bone fractures of the lower extremities, by traffic accidents, in a non-invasive manner; the comparison of bone injuries with the presumed injury-inflicting instrument; and in a gunshot case, the identification of the gun by the muzzle imprint, and the reconstruction of the holding position of the gun.The 3D models of the bones are generated from the Computed Tomography (CT) images. The 3D models of the exterior injuries, the injury-inflicting tools and the bone injuries, where a higher resolution is necessary, are created by the optical surface scan.The haptic device is used in combination with the software FreeForm Modelling Plus™ for touching the surface of the 3D models to feel the minute injuries and the surface of tools, to reposition displaced bone parts and to compare an injury-causing instrument with an injury.The repositioning of 3D models in a reconstruction is easier, faster and more precisely executed by means of using the sense of touch and with the user-friendly movement in the 3D space. For representation purposes, the fracture lines of bones are coloured. This work demonstrates that the haptic device is a suitable and efficient application in forensic science. The haptic device offers a new way in the handling of digital data in the virtual 3D space.     

运用计算机处理签名字迹与捺印指纹图像

Photoshop图像处理应用软件，通过替换颜色、复制通道等方法，能够有效地分离各种彩色图形，能够从签名字迹与捺印指纹的混合图像中分别提取签名字迹和捺印指纹。     

Resource spending over time in competitions for electoral support

So far we have little by way of a theoretical understanding of the dynamics of electoral competition. This paper attempts to fill some of this gap by studying resource expenditure over the electoral cycle. Among the main results is that, when contributions from donors are independent of support, parties accelerate expenditure during the entire period between elections, even when voters do not forget. If contributions depend on support, and are significant, parties front load expenditure and decelerate.     

Identification of group affinity from cross-sectional contours of the human midfacial skeleton using digital morphometrics and 3D laser scanning technology

Identifying group affinity from human crania is a long-standing problem in forensic and physical anthropology. Many craniofacial differences used in forensic skeletal identification are difficult to quantify, although certain measurements of the midfacial skeleton have shown high predictive value for group classifications. This study presents a new method for analyzing midfacial shape variation between different geographic groups. Three-dimensional laser scan models of 90 crania from three populations were used to obtain cross-sectional midfacial contours defined by three standard craniometric landmarks. Elliptic Fourier transforms of the contours were used to extract Fourier coefficients for statistical analysis. After cross-validation, discriminant functions based on the Fourier coefficients provided an average of 86% correct classifications for crania from the three groups. The high rate of accuracy of this method indicates its usefulness for identifying group affinities among human skeletal remains and demonstrates the advantages of digital 3D model-based analysis in forensic research.     

平面扫描技术在尿渍鞋印提取中的应用研究

目的应用平面扫描技术建立尿渍鞋印的光学无损提取方法。方法通过调整光源入射角度和反射光接收角度等参数,运用3种平面扫描方法提取大理石、地板革和瓷砖等6种客体上遗留的尿渍鞋印。结果基于平面扫描技术的尿渍鞋印提取方法,显著增加了痕迹与承痕客体之间的亮度反差,消除或减弱承痕客体背景干扰。比较筛选得到了大理石、地板革和瓷砖等客体上尿渍鞋印的最佳平面扫描方法。结论平面扫描方法可作为一种光学无损方法用于尿渍鞋印的提取。     

Development of a rapid, 96-well alkaline based differential DNA extraction method for sexual assault evidence

We present a rapid alkaline lysis procedure for the extraction of DNA from sexual assault evidence that generates purified sperm fraction extracts that yield STR typing results similar to those obtained from the traditional organic/dithiothreitol differential extraction. Specifically, a sodium hydroxide based differential extraction method has been developed in a single-tube format and further optimized in a 96-well format. The method yields purified extracts from a small sample set (∼2-6 swabs) in approximately 2 h and from a larger sample set (up to 96 swabs) in approximately 4 h. While conventional differential extraction methods require vigorous sample manipulation to remove the spermatozoa from the substrate, the method described here exploits the propensity of sperm to adhere to a substrate and does not require any manipulation of the substrate after it is sampled. For swabs, sample handling is minimized by employing a process where the tip of the swab, including the shaft, is transferred to the appropriate vessel eliminating the need for potentially hazardous scalpels to separate the swab material from the shaft. The absence of multiple handling steps allows the process to be semi-automated, however the procedure as described here does not require use of a robotic system. This method may provide forensic laboratories a cost-effective tool for the eradication of backlogs of sexual assault evidence, and more timely service to their client agencies. In addition, we have demonstrated that a modification of the procedure can be used to retrieve residual sperm-cell DNA from previously extracted swabs.     

白鹃梅花蕾及嫩叶显微鉴别

目的 研究白鹃梅花蕾及嫩叶的显微特征,为其生药学鉴别提供依据。方法 采用性状鉴别、显微鉴别方法。结果 白鹃梅食用部位具有独特的性状,其叶、花及花的粉末具有独特的显微特征。结论 白鹃梅花蕾及嫩叶的显微鉴别为其开发利用提供了一项技术参考。     

Metal objects mapping after small charge explosions. A study on AISI 304Cu steel with two different grain sizes

Evidence of exposure of a metal component to a small charge explosion can be detected by observing microstructural modifications; they may be present even if the piece does not show noticeable overall plastic deformations. Particularly, if an austenitic stainless steel (or another metal having a face-centered cubic structure and a low stacking fault energy) is exposed to an explosive shock wave, high-speed deformation induces primarily mechanical twinning, whereas, in nonexplosive events, a lower velocity plastic deformation first induces slip. The occurrence of mechanical twins can be detected even if the surface is damaged or oxidized in successive events. In the present research, optical metallography (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) were used to detect microstructural modifications caused on AISI 304Cu steel disks by small-charge explosions. Spherical charges of 54.5 or 109 g TNT equivalent mass were used at explosive-to-target distances from 6.5 to 81.5 cm, achieving peak pressures from 160 to 0.5 MPa. Explosions induced limited or no macro-deformation. Two alloy grain sizes were tested. Surface OM and SEM evidenced partial surface melting, zones with recrystallization phenomena, and intense mechanical twinning, which was also detected by STM and X-ray diffraction. In the samples' interior, only twins were seen, up to some distance from the explosion impinged surface and again, at the shortest charge-to-sample distances, in a thin layer around the reflecting surface. For forensic science locating purposes after explosions, the maximum charge-to-target distance at which the phenomena disappear was singled out for each charge or grain size and related to the critical resolved shear stress for twinning.     

利多卡因在蛛网膜下腔麻醉致死犬体内的分布

目的 观察利多卡因蛛网膜下腔致死犬体内的分布及脊髓液、脊髓与血液中利多卡因含量的比值。方法薄层扫描法检测血、脊髓液、侧脑室液、各节段脊髓和各脏器组织中利多卡因含量。结果 蛛网膜下腔麻醉致死犬脊髓液、各节段脊髓、脑、血液和其它各脏器中利多卡因含量分别为485.6±51.5μg/ml、226.8±35.2-353.8±44.0μg/g、44.9±11.51μg/g、40.3±6.5μg/ml和13.5±13.7-38.0±9.8μg/g。脊髓液与血液中利多卡因含量之比为12.4±2.7,各节段脊髓与血液之比为5.7±0.9-9.0±2.6。结论 蛛网膜下腔麻醉致死犬脊髓液中利多卡因含量最高,脊髓中次之,血液和其它组织中含量较低。脊髓液/血液、脊髓/血液比值平均可达12.4和5.7-9.0。