Complainants’ Views about Civilian Review of the Police: A Study of the Philippines

In search of effective control of the police, several countries have created civilian review boards. The Philippines recently adopted such an approach by establishing the People’s Law Enforcement Board (PLEB). The board is envisioned to enable citizens to participate in the process of police control. This study examines the perceptions of complainants about the board in a metropolitan area in the Philippines. Using surveys, the study aims to determine the integrity, legitimacy, and efficiency of the board as well as the satisfaction of complainants with the review board. The findings suggest that complainants were highly satisfied with the People’s Law Enforcement Board. Complainants also showed great concern for the legitimacy of the board and the timely resolutions of their cases. In addition, the study confirms previous studies’ findings on the predominant influence of case outcomes on complainants’ satisfaction.

面向21世纪禁毒专业课程设置构想

云南公安高等专科学校作为一所专门为云南公安战线培养高级应用人才的高等警察院校 ,根据禁毒斗争需要 ,学校于 1997年全国首次设立禁毒专业 ,2 0 0 2年又成立了世界上第一个禁毒系。在对禁毒实战部门所需人才、知识和能力结构调查 ,以及综合考虑各种相关要求和因素的基础上 ,对禁毒专业课程设置进行了研究 ,旨在提供科学及合理的课程设置。     

浅议行政强制措施

目前,我国对行政强制措施的定义、内容、性质、分类等问题认识混乱,有待于澄清。我国行政强制措施还存在法律规定欠缺、实施主体混乱、期限不明确等问题,需采取有效措施加以完善。     

云南铁路禁毒斗争回顾与思考

多年来 ,云南铁路公安机关开展了卓有成效的禁毒斗争 ,特别是 1998年昆明铁路公安局成立以后 ,始终把维护铁路治安稳定与全面开展禁毒斗争有机结合起来 ,取得了显著成效。但是 ,铁路公安机关全面开展禁毒斗争目前也确实存在着一些困难和问题 ,主要有经费不足、法律法规不健全等。只有解决了这些困难和问题 ,云南铁路禁毒工作才能更有效地发挥作用     

“首次不罚”制度的法理思考——兼谈行政执法方式的完善

“首次不罚”制度得以合理存在的界域主要是制度实施的必要性与目的设定方面,其实质是将法律赋予执法主体的自由裁量权主动降低为零,但制度本身设计存在很大的不确定性,降低了执法主体的权威性,打破了法律上的平衡,并存在逆向选择的危险,其预期效果并不理想。只有在行政执法工作中坚持执法的原则性,讲究执法的艺术性,增加执法的服务性,方能达致“首次不罚”制度必要性与可行性的有机结合,实现制度设计的初衷。     

The nature, origin and impact of legally binding consequences: the case of the climate regime

The Marrakesh Accords provide a detailed compliance system for the Kyoto Protocol. An innovative feature of this system is an Enforcement Branch authorized to apply punitive measures or “consequences” in the second commitment period to Annex I Parties that have been found to be in non-compliance in the first commitment period. However, even after the latest Conference of the Parties (COP) to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), COP-11, and the first COP serving as the meeting of the Parties to the Kyoto Protocol, COP/MOP-1, it is not yet clear whether these consequences will be legally binding. The purpose of this paper is three-fold. First, we examine the legal nature of the punitive consequences embedded in the Marrakesh Accords. Second, we discuss potential motives for making these consequences legally binding. We point out that one such motive is that their implementation requires cooperation by the Party that is in non-compliance. In this regard, Kyotoȁ9s compliance system differs from other international compliance systems equipped with punitive consequences, such as those of the WTO and the UN. Finally, we consider whether making the punitive consequences legally binding is likely to make a difference. The conclusion, which should be of interest to both academic researchers and the policy community, is that the legal status of the consequences is likely to have only a modest effect on compliance levels. A country that deliberately fails to abide by other legally binding commitments under the Kyoto Protocol is also likely to resist the application of punitive consequences, regardless of whether these consequences are made legally binding or not.     

论税收执法权的监督制约

依法治税是依法治国方略的重要组成部分 ,是建设社会主义法治国家的客观需要 ,也是建立和发展社会主义市场经济的必然要求。强化税收执法权的监督制约 ,规范税收执法行为 ,是依法治税的关键之一。本文在分析当前我国税收执法存在的问题及原因的基础上 ,论证了税收执法权的监督制约 ,并提出了强化税收执法监督的对策措施。     

关于深化行政执法体制改革的几点思考

行政执法体制改革,是目前我国推行行政改革和依法行政中需要解决的主要问题。深化行政执法体制改革,需要认真总结经验,把握两个关系;同时进一步加强理论研究,强化理论对实践的指导。另外,美国地方政府的一些做法和经验值得我们学习。     

中国部门行政职权相对集中初论

为了解决我国行政执法领域存在的部门林立、多头执法、重复执法、执法扰民与执法低效等问题,必须系统地进行行政职权的优化配置,积极推行部门行政职权相对集中,探求行政执法体制改革与创新的路径,实现行政精简、统一与效能。目前,推行部门行政职权相对集中,在认识因素、适用依据和保障机制等方面还面临着诸多障碍,这在一定程度上制约了部门行政职权相对集中的改革进程。为此,必须更新行政执法观念,加强行政法制建设,促进行政体制与制度创新,完善相应的保障机制等,以使这项改革取得实质性的进展,达到预期的目标。     

提高公安机关公正执法水平促进社会主义和谐社会建设

公正执法是和谐社会对公安机关执法活动的根本要求。努力提高公安机关公正执法水平极为重要:提高公安民警公正执法的素质;完善公安执法制度;加强公安执法监督;营造良好的公安执法环境。