试论民事裁判文书的公信力

公信力是法院裁判文书的生命,一个没有公信力的裁判文书,它虽然具有法律效力,但却没有生命力。应从增强民事裁判文书的公开性;加强判决书的说理,公开法官做出判决结果的心证过程;正确引用法律、法规,充分体现裁判文书的权威性等三方面提高法院民事裁判文书的公信力。     

Development of latent fingermarks on thermal paper: Preliminary investigation into use of iodine fuming

Thermal paper finds its extensive use in the modern day life and could act as a vital piece of physical evidence carrying latent fingermarks. A large number of citations are available in literature suggesting various techniques to develop these marks but all are suffering with one or the other drawbacks such as complex and cumbersome procedure, pre- or post-treatment, background coloration and efficiency to develop aged fingermarks. In present study, a very simple and novel method involving iodine fuming has been suggested to develop fingermarks which were not only permanent but also without any background coloration. The suggested method does not involve any pre- or post-treatment of the substrate and was able to develop very old fingermarks (upto >1 year). In this study an attempt has been made to explain the reaction mechanism of the process. In case of different types of thermal papers, presence of different substituents on leuco dye (lactone ring) structure resulted in development of different colored fingermarks upon reaction with iodine. Sebaceous material laden marks have been found to be more intensely developed as compared to eccrine marks, and the difference was more pronounced in case of aged fingermarks.     

idPAD: Paper Analytical Device for Presumptive Identification of Illicit Drugs

As drug overdose deaths across the United States continue to rise, there is increasing interest in field testing of illicit substances. This work discusses a paper-based analytical device (idPAD) that can run a library of 12 colorimetric tests at the same time, each detecting different chemical functional groups and materials found in illicit drugs, distractor substances, and cutting agents. The idPAD requires no electricity, costs less than $2 USD, and requires minimal training to operate. The results of the 12 tests form a color barcode which is “read” by comparison to standard images. The accuracy of the idPAD was assessed using samples of heroin, cocaine HCl, crack, and methamphetamine at concentrations of 25%–100% in a lactose matrix, as well as pure lactose. Based on 840 “reads” by three different users, the idPAD showed 95% sensitivity and 100% specificity for detecting these drugs; the most common error was mistaking cocaine HCl for crack or crack for cocaine HCl. In a second step, samples of heroin, cocaine, and methamphetamine (n = 30) and distractor substances (pharmaceuticals, cutting agents, and other illicit drugs, n = 64) were tested by two readers, yielding a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 97%. Targeted substances were detected reliably at 55–180 μg/lane, and the idPAD was found to be stable for at least 3 months when stored at room temperature. The library approach used in the idPAD may provide the accuracy and robustness necessary for a presumptive field drug test.     

Investigation of the new possibility of mathematical processing of Raman spectra for dating documents

The use of spectral analysis methods to determine the age of writing inks is an important forensic task. However, the use of spectral data for this purpose has a number of limitations and difficulties. This paper considers the application of the Raman spectroscopy method to an urgent forensic task. The known mechanisms of dye degradation are analyzed; Raman bands are identified that are related to the age of the sample. In a sample of 5 randomly selected writing inks, temporary markers were identified. Narrow sections of Raman spectra containing characteristic lines were used for analysis. It was shown that processing narrow sections of the Raman spectra using the PCA chemometric method allowed the separation of writing inks into groups (clusters) corresponding to different creation intervals.     

民事诉讼预决事实效力理论基础之选择

关于预决事实在后诉中的效力理论基础,主要有三种:既判力、争点效和事实证明效理论。我国应当采纳哪种理论,学术界分歧严重。《关于民事诉讼证据的若干规定》《关于适用〈中华人民共和国民事诉讼法〉若干问题的解释》《关于审理环境民事公益诉讼案件适用法律若干问题的解释》《关于审理消费民事公益诉讼案件适用法律若干问题的解释》充分反映出制定主体在上述三种理论间摇摆不定、难以抉择的心态。鉴于三种理论各有所长、各有所短,且无法将各种理论优点集于一身,综合权衡,我国未来立法还是应采纳争点效理论为佳。     

手印相纸转印显现法的研发与应用

目的 在现有手印转印显现法研究基础上进行改进创新,找到一种操作简便快捷、适用手印种类和客体更广泛、更方便于在勘查现场实施的新型方法.方法 选择滤纸、胶带、相纸分别作为转印载体针对非渗透性客体上手印进行转印显现提取,对比选择出效果较好的转印载体,并检验其应用条件和效果.结果 研究出新型手印转印显现方法——相纸转印显现法....     

Promotion of contentious agency as a rewarding movement strategy: evidence from the MST-paper industry conflicts in Brazil

The recent scholarship on social movement outcomes has called for explanations about how movements influence economic outcomes. This article demonstrates in practice how a dynamic and relational approach, coupled with a Bourdieuian analysis of social, symbolic, and territorial space, can be utilized in explaining the influence of movements in contentious politics around investment projects. Based on participant observation and comparison across the Brazilian Landless Movement (MST) groups in areas of paper industry expansion, I assess the different movement strategies and their influence on pulp project outcomes. I reinterpret the ideal ‘MST model’ as constructed by specific strategies promoting contentious agency: organizing and politicizing, campaigning by heterodox framing, protesting, networking, and embedded autonomy vis-à-vis the state. A Qualitative Comparative Analysis comparing the expansion of 13 pulp holdings between 2004–2008 shows how these strategies influence investment pace. When both contentious and conventional strategies were used, movements managed to slow pulpwood plantation expansion.     

浅议宁夏师范学院图书馆文献资源保障体系建设

根据学校办学理念、办学特色,分析了学校图书馆的现状,抓住本科教学水平评估机遇,以评促建,提出了本院图书馆文献信息资源保障体系建设的思路与举措。     

双面胶带上手印的显现方法

双面胶带是日常生活中常用的一种胶带,在许多案件中亦经常出现,显现其内侧粘面上的手印,对认定案犯具有重要的意义。由于其结构与其他胶带不同,所以用于显现普通胶带上手印的显现方法不适用于双面胶带。本文通过研究双面胶带转印在纸张等渗透性客体上的手印,来间接地显现双面胶带上的手印。     

我国农村生态文明建设情况管窥--以“中央一号文件”为研究对象

生态文明建设,是我们党历来高度重视的一项战略任务与重要工作。新中国成立后,特别是改革开放以来,建设农村生态文明一直是党中央发展"三农"工作、解决"三农"问题的重要方面。其中,一个最突出的表现就是我们党历年所颁发的事关"三农"工作"中央一号文件",它凸显了我们党围绕农村生态文明建设所进行的顶层设计、决策部署和政策演进,也是各地区各部门做好农村生态文明建设工作的具体指导和根本遵循。