“布白”及其他——再论我国现行行政公文文面的形式美

"布白"是构成我国现行行政公文文面形式美的又一重要因素.由于注重了公文文面的布白,我国现行行政公文构建出了"虚实相间"的公文文面格式.我国现行行政公文文面布白主要有三种形式.这三种形式互相结合,在公文文面上形成了四个主要的布白区域,体现出我国现行行政公文文面的空间美来.色彩对比也是构建我国现行行政公文文面形式美的一个值得注意的因素.我国现行行政公文文面通过朴素的白、黑、红三色,较好地表现出公文文面的色彩美.     

刑事诉讼"非法证据"的效力研究

关于刑事诉讼"非法证据"的法律效力问题,学界争论颇为激烈.一、"非法证据"的准确概念应当是"非法证明材料"(不具备证据能力的证明材料);二、从三个主要方面--(1)合法性应当是诉讼证据内在特性之一;(2)"排除加例外说"的"例外",其实并不是对非法证明材料的例外(该"例外"的证明材料本来就是合法的);(3)在控制犯罪与保障人权两种价值目标发生冲突时应取后者.非法证明材料应予绝对排除.     

Identification of document paper using hybrid feature extraction

Document forgery is a significant issue in Korea, with around ten thousand cases reported every year. Analyzing paper plays a crucial role in examining questionable documents such as marketable securities and contracts, which can aid in solving criminal cases of document forgery. Paper analysis can also provide essential insights in other types of criminal cases, serving as an important clue for solving cases such as the source of a blackmail letter. The papermaking process generates distinct forming fabric marks and formations, which are critical features for paper classification. These characteristics are observable under transmitted light and are created by the forming fabric pattern and the distribution of pulp fibers, respectively. In this study, we propose a novel approach for paper identification based on hybrid features. This method combines texture features extracted from images converted using the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) approach and a convolutional neural network (CNN), with another set of features extracted by the CNN using the same images as input. We applied the proposed method to classification tasks for seven major paper brands available in the Korean market, achieving an accuracy of 97.66%. The results confirm the applicability of this method for visually inspecting paper products and demonstrate its potential for assisting in solving criminal cases involving document forgery.     

Quantitative Analysis of the DNA Distribution on Cigarette Butt Filter Paper*

The distribution of DNA on the filter paper of smoked cigarette butts was quantitatively mapped using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The filter papers from smoked cigarette butts collected from indoor and outdoor sources were sliced into equal pieces and the amount of DNA on each slice was determined. This study found that the cigarette butt filter papers sliced parallel to the seam of the cigarette had more uniformly distributed DNA on the slices and in most cases, there was enough DNA on each slice to obtain a complete DNA profile. The perpendicular slices had a less uniform pattern of distribution and some slices did not have enough DNA to obtain an interpretable DNA profile. Cigarette butts found indoors also had more DNA per cigarette on average than cigarette butts found outdoors.     

5种免提取试剂盒检验滤纸血痕结果的比较

目的探讨5种免提取试剂盒对滤纸血痕样本检验的效果。方法陈旧滤纸血痕(存放时间12～14个月)及新鲜滤纸血痕(存放时间小于1个月)各920份,分别随机分为5组。应用AGCU 17+1、Goldeneye 20A、Powerplex16HS、Identifiler Plus、Identifiler Direct 5种免提取试剂盒进行检验,对比各组检验结果。结果陈旧滤纸血痕5种试剂盒的检验成功率为98.91%～100%,各组间无差异(P>0.05);新鲜滤纸血痕,Identifiler Plus和Identifiler Direct试剂盒检验成功率高于AGCU17+1、Goldeneye 20A及Powerplex 16HS试剂盒(P<0.01);将样本做陈旧化处理后再用成功率较低的3种试剂盒进行检验,成功率分别升至100%、99.46%、99.46%;Identifiler Plus试剂盒扩增循环27次效果优于28次。结论本文5种试剂盒均可用于滤纸血痕的直接扩增检验,但使用AGCU17+1、Goldeneye 20A及Powerplex 16HS试剂盒需将新鲜血痕做陈旧化处理;Identifiler Plus试剂盒需将循环次数降为27次。     

A Calibration Test for Latent Fingerprint Development on Thermal Paper

A calibration test is described for monitoring the operation of equipment used to develop latent fingerprints on thermal paper by the application of either controlled or uncontrolled heat. A working solution of a water/glycerol emulsion and butylene glycol is applied to thermal paper by means of either a vinyl stamp and pad, or a marker pen. Varying the amount of butylene glycol enables the thermal paper to change color at different temperatures between approximately 40 and 60°C, which is below the normal color change temperature of the paper. The described test may be used to verify the correct operation, at different temperatures, of a controlled heat source during and after fingerprint development (such as the Hot Print System) or to monitor the paper temperature with an uncontrolled heat source (such as a warm air blower), thereby avoiding unintentional coloring of the entire paper surface.     

学术论文摘要撰写浅论

针对学术期刊投稿和编辑中论文摘要大面积写作不规范的现实,以数例研究学术论文摘要写作的论文摘要编写不规范为典型案例,指出摘要"摘而无要"、"摘而不要"的原因是作者不懂不学摘要写作规则,编辑对摘要编写的理解不深,也对摘要的重要性缺乏认识,而背后反映的问题本质是缺乏学术规范培训,缺乏学术常识,学术精神丧失。     

纸质塑形支架夹板超关节固定治疗上肢关节周围骨折

目的 观察纸质塑形支架夹板超关节固定治疗肩、肘、腕关节周围骨折的临床疗效.方法 采用回顾性研究方法,对1976-2010年2 800例肩、肘、腕关节周围骨折患者,采用传统中医手法整复,纸质塑形支架夹板超关节固定,功能锻炼的方法治疗.采用国家中医药管理局制定的<中医病证诊断疗效标准>来评价疗效.结果 肱骨外科颈骨折组、肱...