加入WTO:少数民族地区高校的挑战与机遇

本文从WTO与我国高校有关的条款及主要表现方式入手 ,研讨了我国少数民族地区高校的特点及WTO可能对少数民族地区高校的影响 ,分析了加入WTO后少数民族地区高校可能面临的挑战和机遇 ,提出了一系列可能遇到的原则性问题     

What explains the rise of majority–minority tensions and conflict in Xinjiang?

ABSTRACT

In the past few years there has been a rise of inter-ethnic violence in China. While ethno-cultural repression and ineffective state policies are correctly attributed as key culprits behind this reality, this article suggests that socio-economic factors play a fundamental contributory role as well. Using the Xinjiang case, the article maps ethnic tensions and violence as a manifestation and expression of a growing and heightened ethno-cultural consciousness stemming from ethnic minorities’ low socio-economic status due, in part, to internal Han migration, and a labour market process – involving agency and structure – that has shaped a split and segmented labour market.     

Sense of Belonging Among High School Students Representing 4 Ethnic Groups

The authors investigated the dimensions and mechanisms of belonging relevant to motivation and achievement among high school students representing 4 ethnic groups. Using survey data from 9th to 12th grade students (N = 5,494) attending 7 ethnically-diverse high schools, structural equation modeling was employed to explore, independently for each ethnic group, the relationships between students’ perceptions of their belonging (encompassing relationships with teachers and peers, extracurricular involvement, and perceived ethnic-based discrimination), motivation (efficacy beliefs and valuing school activities), and academic success. All 4 measures of belonging were significant for European-American and Latino students. However, friendship nominations were not significant for all groups, suggesting potential variability in perspectives across ethnic groups. The strength of the structural model postulating belonging as a mediator, including statistically significant indirect paths, supported the hypothesis that the belonging construct accounted for much of the relationship between student motivation and success across groups.Beverly Faircloth is a doctoral candidate of the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. Her research interests include the developmental and motivational processes that support adolescent school engagement in ethnically diverse settings.Jill Hamm is an Assistant Professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. She received her Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in 1996. Her research interests are adolescents’ peer relations in ethnically diverse schools and classrooms.     

关于提升民族地区县级政府能力的思考

提升民族地区县级政府的能力,就是要使民族地区县级政府变成能做事、会做事、做得好事的政府。为此,应从以下几方面入手：提高民族地区政府工作人员的素质,增强民族地区县级政府工作人员的责任意识和廉洁意识,促进民族地区县域经济的发展,加强民族地区县级政府与人民群众的联系。     

论我国少数民族地区犯罪社会控制中的习惯法——以法律人类学为视角

我国复杂的民族状况决定了在我国少数民族地区实施犯罪控制的特殊性及难度，少数民族习惯法作为一种“地方性知识”应当在我国民族地区发挥预防犯罪的社会控制作用。在少数民族地区犯罪的社会控制中，民族习惯法应当成为少数民族地区和谐社会法治构建中的重要资源。     

论西部少数民族权益的法治保障

西部少数民族权益法治保障具有理论依据、宪政依据和现实依据。因此，必须加强法治建设，保障西部少数民族权益。     

Flying solo: Explaining single-party cabinets under minority presidentialism

In recent years, the comparative literature on presidential democracy has emphasised the role of coalitional politics in attenuating the ‘perils’ facing minority presidents. Yet since the beginning of the Third Wave of democratisation in 1974, a surprising number of minority presidents have eschewed cabinet coalitions (defined minimally as the awarding of at least one portfolio to a party other than the nominal party of the president). Unipartisan governments are observed just under half of the time. What explains the adoption of single-party cabinets by minority presidents? Cross-sectional time-series analysis is employed to address this question. Hypotheses are tested that relate to the size and distribution of the formateur (presidential) and largest non-formateur parties that make up the legislature; the nature of party linkages and ideological distance between the president and possible partisan allies; and the extent of reactive veto powers held by the president.     

论民族地区传统知识的积极性保护机制

民族地区传统知识丰富,随着民族文化产业的兴起,急需采取积极性保护机制。积极性保护机制,是指建立类似TRIPS的传统知识保护机制,授予传统知识所有者知识产权,如专利或其他类似权利,保护的核心是授予独占权,其目的是在现有制度资源条件下尽量实现传统知识的资源权益。民族地区传统知识的积极性保护机制主要包括:地方专门法制度、传统知识数据库权、补偿性责任制度等三个层面。     

加快城镇化建设,着力推动少数民族发展

城镇化是指人类生产和生活方式由乡村型向城市型转化的历史进程,表现为乡村人口向城市人口转化以及城市不断发展和完善的过程。城镇化是人类由农业经济类型向工业经济类型转变的必然产物。在城镇化过程中,少数民族的发展遇到了生产方式和生活方式的转变,以及职业技能培训的缺失。加快城镇化建设可以推动少数民族生产方式、生活方式的转变,可以有效地提升少数民族的人力资本,可以有效地保护资源和环境。城镇化的重点是创造农村人口进得来、留得住的环境,把农民变市民。必须加大中学后职业技能教育培训,注重民族文化的保护、传承与创新,消除城镇化建设的体制和政策障碍。     

少数民族文化风险及其法律规制研究

现代化进程中少数民族文化风险主要指利益分配不均衡引发的风险,文化贬低引发的风险,少数民族文化尊严被漠视引发的风险,传统文化流失所带来的风险,国家文化安全方面的风险等。少数民族文化风险的法律成因主要导源于中国历来的产权制度缺失现象在少数民族文化领域的体现,现行文化法制的缺陷,文化类国际公约在中国实施不充分等。域外的社区知识产权模式、公有领域作品使用付费制度、文化财保护制度、生态博物馆制度、土著权利保护模式等对中国少数民族文化风险的法律规制都有重要的借鉴意义。中国少数民族文化风险法律规制应建立公法与私法并用的混合模式,特别是要构建传统文化产权制度并促进少数民族民众对其文化保护的有效参与。