University students’ support to penalty enhancement for hate crime

Laws enabling penalty enhancement for crimes motivated by hostility or prejudice, i.e. hate crimes, have become common in many countries. However, laws as a measure against hate crimes have been contested, because their deterrent effect has gained none or little support in the (limited) literature, and they may be considered symbolic rather than deterrent. This study investigates attitudes towards penalty enhancement for hate crimes. Previous empirical investigations of this question are scarce. The material consists of a survey targeting nearly 3000 Swedish university students. Support for penalty enhancement for hate crime was moderate, shown by one third of the total sample. Results supported the premise that students belonging to a minority group, assumed to be at risk of hate crime victimization, agree to a higher extent of penalty enhancement than students belonging to the majority. Previous victimization experiences and worrying about being victimized were not significantly related to punitive attitudes. However, respondents who perceived the risk of victimization to be increased for minority groups in general were more likely to support penalty enhancement for hate crime. Findings should be confirmed in a nationally representative sample since the public’s perspective on the criminal justice system is important for understanding and dealing with the social problem of hate crime.     

西部少数民族地区农村公共产品供给短缺的体制缺陷

目前,我国农村地区普遍存在着公共产品供给短缺的问题,尤其是我国西部少数民族农村地区,公共产品供给严重不足,造成这些地区生产生活严重落后。随着我国社会主义新农村建设的进行,加大对西部少数民族农村的投入力度,改变这种供给短缺的现象已成为一项很紧迫的任务。     

The More the Merrier? Hungarian and Romany Minorities in Slovakia

This article discusses some important aspects of thetreatment of minorities in the Republic of Slovakia.It discusses the 1992 Constitution and subsequentdevelopments such as the State language law 1995, therestriction of political rights of Hungarians,educational policies, the setback of EU entry talks,the September 1998 general elections, the Dzurindagovernment's ``De-Meciarization', the 1999 MinorityLanguage Law, and recent electoral legislation. Thespecial condition of the Romany is considered. Theeffectiveness of international mechanisms for theprotection of minority rights (the Organisation forSecurity and Cooperation in Europe, the InternationalCovenant for Civil and Political Rights, the EuropeanConvention of Human Rights, the Framework Conventionfor the Protection of National Minorities) isassessed, as is the involvement of the EU. Finally,the role of the judiciary is reflected upon.     

美国和日本对东南亚山地僳族的研究——兼与中国傈僳族研究的比较

傈僳族既是中国的世居民族之一,也广泛地分布在东南亚山地地区,是这一区域内重要的跨境民族。本文在对1968-2008年美国、日本人类学东南亚山地傈僳族研究文献梳理和评述的基础上,阐明二者在理论和资料关注、研究脉络和研究对象认知、民族志写作等方面的差异。最后,从家户的研究问题、比较维度和联系性研究视角、田野调查和多元研究方法3个层面就美、日东南亚山地傈僳族研究与中国傈僳族研究进行比较。希望在这种比较中搭建与国际傈僳族研究对话的研究框架。     

Transitional narratives of identity among ethnic minority youth gangs in Denmark: from collectivism to individualism

Current literature often depicts the street cultures of ethnic minority youth as forms of collective cultural resistance to experiences of marginalization from mainstream society. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and qualitative interviews in 2014 with 23 young men attached to a rehabilitation centre for criminal offenders in Denmark, this article focuses on ethnic minority youth who desist from such street culture and their former gang life, criminality and drug use and how they describe this shift within their narratives. More specifically, we show how this shift can to some extent be characterized by a move from collective to more individualistic self-narratives re-articulating broader individualistic discourses existing in contemporary society. Among these more individualistic self-narratives, we find extensive reference to ideas of self-responsibility and also individual pragmatic interpretations of Islam. Such re-articulations can be seen as a way to create feelings of agency in severely disempowering circumstances.     

"意境"表现与"意象"召唤--古典园林与少数民族村寨的审美文化比较

中国古典私家园林和少数民族的村寨是两种不同类型而风格迥异的建筑文化.前者讲究"意境"的表现,后者意在"意象"的召唤.每种文化内部最核心和最高的哲学理念都可能通过建筑表征出来.古典园林的意境是古代文人士大夫胸臆中天道体会的投射.侗族村寨的环境安排和建筑营建亦体现了该民族悠远的文化记忆和该民族的宇宙论.侗族村寨的风水、鼓楼、风雨桥、民居的整体奇妙地隐喻和象征着龙的意象.总之,作为一种最物质性的建筑其内在理念却是该文化中最核心的精神.     

试论加入WTO后少数民族法的调整

WTO规则的适用及成员方对少数民族自治地区法律、政府及其权力等方面的关注,说明少数民族地区法律、法规与WTO规则存在冲突,少数民族法应按照WTO规则的精神进行调整和完善。     

云南省10个少数民族遗传分化和基因流动

目的 基于9个CODIS STR基因座(CSFIPO、FGA、THOI、TPOX、vWA、D3S1358、D5S818、D7S820和D13S317)分型数据,探寻云南地区10个主要少数民族的遗传分化及基因流动特征.方法 计算出各基因座的杂合度和分化指标F、θ、f和Gst.分别采用Phylip 3.6和Arlequin...     

构建少数民族地区社会稳定长效机制的战略意义

构建少数民族地区社会稳定长效机制,是根据少数民族地区社会关系发展规律和维稳工作规律,探索维护少数民族地区社会稳定长期效应的工作机理及其制度体系的一项重要工作。对保持少数民族地区长治久安、民族团结、经济发展与社会和谐具有重要意义。     

谈新疆少数民族吸食大麻人员焦虑心理的自我矫正

新疆消费大麻具有悠久的历史。由于大麻对各类疾病的治疗有明显的疗效,且吸食麻烟易戒断,因此,尽管不少人认识到吸食大麻成瘾会罹患精神疾病,但大麻还是在新疆少数民族百姓生活中使用较频繁。近几年来发现吸食大麻的少数民族人群中出现焦虑症状较突出,他们会经常无缘无故的、没有明确对象和内容的焦急、紧张、恐惧和不安,经常感觉到威胁即将来临,但又说不出究竟存在何种威胁或危险。中外研究成果表明吸食大麻易导致精神异常。对此类人群自身应采取增强自信、自我刺激、自我放松、自我脱敏、自我催眠、自我放松等自救措施,以通过自我矫正改变因吸食大麻而形成的焦虑心理。