DNA on drugs

The use of illicit drugs is a continuing blight on society. Detecting DNA from individuals involved in the manufacturing and distribution of drugs can provide valuable investigative information or strategic intelligence which, in turn, can be used to disrupt the supply and distribution of illicit drugs. Our study details the transfer, persistence, prevalence, and recovery of human DNA on the exterior of tablets and capsules, as well as within drug powders. Various experiments were conducted to mimic stages in the creation and packaging of tablets and capsules. We showed that the act of brief contact (1–3 s) is sufficient to generate informative DNA profiles that can be uploaded and compared to databases internationally. This work complements chemical drug profiling data by linking seizures to each other and individuals via DNA profiles, providing information to prosecution or intelligence agencies. The generation of DNA information from illicit drug preparations is another tool that can be used in the fight against illicit drug manufacture and distribution.     

论后工业时代的生态伦理思维

随着工业革命的发展,21世纪人类进入了以科技和信息为标准的后工业时代。在这一时代,生态危机越来越严重,已经成为工业社会的“瓶颈”。因此,后工业时代的任务在加速发展科技和经济的同时还有一个更为严峻的问题——生态问题。要解决生态问题,我们需要的就是生态伦理思维。生态伦理思维有利于我们改变工业革命时期的不良思维,为后工业时代更好发展提供便利。     

危险驾驶罪与交通肇事罪的关系

在危险驾驶罪增设之前,交通肇事罪是典型的过失犯罪,“飙车”与“醉驾”同无照驾驶、超栽等其他违反交通运输管理法规行为一样,只是作为交通肇事罪成立的前提条件而存在,当此类行为过失造成伤亡结果时成立交通肇事罪。但危险驾驶罪的增设。使得交通肇事罪存在着单纯过失犯罪与作为危险驾驶罪之结果加重犯两种不同构造,因此,明知对方醉酒却唆使其驾驶机动车过失致人伤亡的,构成交通肇事罪（危险驾驶罪的结果加重犯）的共犯,二人均需对伤亡结果承担刑事责任。     

我国未成年人教养保护制度的立法选择

关于未成年人的教养保护,大陆法系国家和英美法系国家分别采取了亲权与监护并行以及由监护吸收亲权两种立法模式。应在对亲权和监护制度进行比较研究以及对我国现行未成年人保护教养制度进行评估的基础上,关注大陆法系国家亲权制度的现代发展,借鉴亲权制度现代发展的成果,就父母对未成年子女的教养保护设立父母照顾制度,与监护制度一起实现未成年人的民法保护。     

Mercantile Culture,Risk Taking and Firm Value

The research on corporate finance issues from the perspective of institutionality, especially informal institutionality, is an emerging direction of today’s academic research. Using a corporate－level dataset of the listed companies in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Zhejiang and Jiangsu over the period of 2006-2012, from the perspective of informal institutionality, culture, this paper studies the impact of mercantile culture on corporate risk taking and the difference of the impact in the companies of different types of ownership property, and further investigates the economic consequence of corporate risk taking. The results show that: the listed companies affected more strongly by the mercantilist culture have a higher level of risk taking than the other listed companies. Compared with non－state owned companies, the impact of mercantile culture on corporate risk taking in state owned companies is relatively smaller. From the economic consequence of risk taking, the improvement of corporate risk taking is conducive to enhance firm value. This paper enriches and expands the related research on institutional environment and corporate risk taking, and it also provides important implications for better understanding the important value of traditional culture in today’s economic and social life and for the companies to value the risky investment.     

Using National Incident-Based Reporting System Data for Strategic Crime Analysis

The utility of the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) forstrategic crime analysis has yet to be explored. The NIBRS represents anadvancement over existing reporting systems and possesses considerableutility to frontline law enforcement with respect to strategic crimeanalysis. This paper discusses the utility of the NIBRS for identifyinglocal and regional trends in narcotics related offenses. As an example, weselected four localities from the 1997 Virginia NIBRS data to examine trendsin the sale/distribution and possession of narcotics. Our analysis showsthat the NIBRS provides significantly more incident-related detail than hasheretofore been available for strategic crime analysis at the regional orstate level. Moreover, the NIBRS provides neighboring communities theopportunity to compare information on emerging crime patterns and criminalenterprises which extend beyond local boundaries. Finally, enhancing localreporting compliance by highlighting the strategic utility of the data tolocal law enforcement will ultimately ensure the quality of the data set,which can then be employed by larger entities as well as criminal justiceresearchers for policy development and planning.     

论贿赂犯罪刑事立法的整合与完善

现行刑法典设立的五类贿赂犯罪的罪名在实践操作中存在着罪名种类不充分、罪名的归纳性不够强等缺陷 ,应增设职前受贿罪。现行刑法可以将贿赂罪的犯罪对象扩大为财产利益及可折算为财产利益的不当利益。运用罚金刑、从严与从宽处罚等刑罚手段 ,打击行贿犯罪与有效查处受贿犯罪     

论非法持有毒品罪

新刑法第三百四十八条以简单罪状形式规定的“非法持有毒品罪”这一罪名不够准确,对这一罪名所蕴涵的犯罪论机理与具体适用,学界缺乏较深入论述。非法持有毒品罪的罪过形式不应包含违法性认识,不适用严格责任,持有行为应以实际控制为准,建议罪名采用“持有毒品罪”,量刑上也应相对从轻为宜。     

职务犯罪证据体系的构建

近年来,司法实践中职务犯罪存在着高发的态势。文章从证据的角度出发,分析了贪污类、贿赂类、渎职类职务犯罪证明体系,并试图构建一个科学、客观的证据体系,以期为职务犯罪的侦查工作提供明确的方向和目标。     

A Polydrug Intoxication Involving Methoxetamine in a Drugs and Driving Case

Methoxetamine ((RS)2‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐(ethylamino)cyclohexanone)) is becoming a drug of interest among practitioners of forensic toxicology. In this case report, we describe the case background, standard field sobriety tests, sampling, and analysis of this drug in a whole blood sample as well as screening methods and analysis from a driver operating under the influence of intoxicating substances. Methoxetamine was isolated from the blood sample using mixed mode solid phase extraction. After elution and evaporation, the residue was dissolved in mobile phase (consisting of acetonitrile and aqueous formic acid) for analysis by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The case sample was found to contain clonazepam, 7‐aminoclonazepam, carboxy‐THC, Ddphenhydramine, and MDMA. The case sample was found to contain 10 ng/mL of the drug (methoxetamine) in whole blood. The results of this drug analysis and previous analyses are discussed in terms of this driver operating under the influence of drugs.