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661.
How do members of the US Congress give credit when credit is due for political achievements? Focusing on an important credit giving scenario – credit giving to the president of the United States – this research suggests that credit giving is a form of non-roll call position taking and members give credit in a way that is reflective of individual, institutional, and constituency factors. Using an original data set composed of the official congressional statements concerning the death of Osama bin Laden, findings suggest the proximate decision to issue a statement is related to individual and institutional factors. Within the issued statements, however, credit giving is primarily driven by presidential popularity in the constituency. In addition to being less predictable in their credit giving behaviour, members of the Senate are less likely to give credit than their colleagues in the House of Representatives. Finally, Republican women in the House of Representatives are less likely to give the president credit than other members. 相似文献
662.
AbstractPast research on drug-related vendors on Tor marketplaces indicate that sellers are motivated by the greater anonymity afforded by the Tor Network. Limited research has even posited that some drug-related vendors on cryptomarkets sell to other dealers, adding another dimension to existing literature that highlights the retail nature (dealer-to-customer transactions) of these Tor-based drug markets. Yet these past studies have been largely qualitative in nature. This study conducted a quantitative analysis of vendor accounts on Evolution and Agora to determine characteristics predictive of vendors advertising controlled substances, and to determine whether any statistically significant differences among drug vendor characteristics existed between the two sites. 相似文献
663.
664.
Kilak Kesha M.D. Cassie L. Boggs M.D. Mary G. Ripple M.D. Carol H. Allan M.D. Barry Levine Ph.D. Rebecca Jufer‐Phipps Ph.D. Suzanne Doyon M.D. PaoLin Chi M.D. David R. Fowler M.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2013,58(6):1654-1659
Cathinone derivatives (bath salts) have emerged as the latest drugs of abuse. 3,4‐methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) is the primary active ingredient in bath salts used in this country. This article presents the second reported cause of death by MDPV intoxication alone. In April 2011, a delusional man was emergently brought to a hospital, where he self‐reported bath salt usage. He became agitated, developed ventricular tachycardia, hyperthermia, and died. Comprehensive alcohol and drug testing was performed. Using the alkaline drug screen, heart blood contained 0.7 mg/L MDPV and peripheral blood contained 1.0 mg/L MDPV. His bizarre behavior with life‐threatening hyperthermia was consistent with an MDPV‐induced excited delirium state. MDPV is not yet found by routine immunoassay toxicology screens. Testing for MDPV should be considered in cases with a history of polysubstance abuse with stimulant type drugs, report of acute onset of psychogenic symptoms, excited delirium syndrome, or presentation in a hyperthermic state. 相似文献
665.
Methoxetamine ((RS)2‐(3‐methoxyphenyl)‐2‐(ethylamino)cyclohexanone)) is becoming a drug of interest among practitioners of forensic toxicology. In this case report, we describe the case background, standard field sobriety tests, sampling, and analysis of this drug in a whole blood sample as well as screening methods and analysis from a driver operating under the influence of intoxicating substances. Methoxetamine was isolated from the blood sample using mixed mode solid phase extraction. After elution and evaporation, the residue was dissolved in mobile phase (consisting of acetonitrile and aqueous formic acid) for analysis by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The case sample was found to contain clonazepam, 7‐aminoclonazepam, carboxy‐THC, Ddphenhydramine, and MDMA. The case sample was found to contain 10 ng/mL of the drug (methoxetamine) in whole blood. The results of this drug analysis and previous analyses are discussed in terms of this driver operating under the influence of drugs. 相似文献
666.
667.
Monica Barry 《The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice》2013,52(4):347-364
Rational choice and responsibilisation of young offenders are concepts increasingly informing youth justice policy in Scotland, yet there is evidence from both academics and young offenders that such approaches are ineffective. This article explores the views of young people in care and contrasts their evidence with that from Rational Choice Theory (RCT), elements of which are increasingly influencing youth justice policy. Government policy now focuses not on desistance but on the containment and behaviour modification of young offenders, strategies which no longer deliver justice but anticipate and modify so‐called ‘rational’ thinking amongst young people. 相似文献
668.
IFEANYI EZEONU 《The Howard Journal of Crime and Justice》2010,49(2):147-165
Abstract: This article discusses the ways in which the Toronto Police Service has constructed the problem of gun violence in the city. This violence is commonly associated in the media with young black males. The data for the study derived from semi‐structured interviews with police officers and secondary sources, including police public statements, press releases, and official documents. The most prominent police frame attributed the problem of gun violence in Toronto to the proliferation of gangs, illegal gun smuggling and illicit drug trafficking. Other frames, to a lesser degree, blamed structural factors such as poverty and unemployment, disintegrated neighbourhoods and families, and a faulty legal system. 相似文献
669.
目的 评估通调针刺法联合康复疗法治疗气虚血瘀型脑梗死后运动障碍的临床疗效。方法 将60例气虚血瘀型脑梗死后运动障碍患者随机分为对照组和治疗组,每组30例。两组患者均给予基础治疗,对照组患者给予康复治疗,治疗组患者给予康复治疗联合通调针刺法治疗,两组疗程均为4周。比较治疗前后两组患者简化Fugl-Meyer评估（Fugl-Meyer assessment,FMA）量表评分和日常生活活动能力（activity of daily living,ADL）量表评分、气虚血瘀证证候积分、血清转铁蛋白（transferrin,TF）和神经生长因子（nerve growth factor,NGF）水平,对比两组总体疗效。结果 治疗组脱落2例患者,对照组脱落1例患者。与治疗前比较,两组患者治疗后FMA量表评分和ADL量表评分均显著上升（P＜0.05）,气虚血瘀证证候积分显著降低（P＜0.05）,血清TF和NGF水平显著升高（P＜0.05）,且治疗组FMA量表评分和ADL量表评分及血清TF和NGF水平升高程度、气虚血瘀证证候积分降低程度均显著大于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗组临床疗效显著优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 通调针刺法联合康复疗法治疗气虚血瘀型脑梗死后运动障碍疗效显著。 相似文献
670.
We model the initiation process into cannabis and hard drugs using long-term survivor analysis. This approach hypothesizes two sub-populations: a population that is immune to drugs, who will never use them no matter how long they live, and a population which is susceptible to drugs for whom it is a matter of time until they begin to use drugs. We use data for Israel to test competing hypotheses concerning the timing of drug use initiation and the determination of susceptibility. Cigarettes do not significantly affect immunity to drugs, but they tend to speed up the rate of initiation for those who smoke them. This implies that anti-smoking policy may only delay drug use initiation without affecting immunity. Finally, drug initiation in Israel is not explained by variables that are traditionally associated with criminality. 相似文献