“90后”大学生酌马克思主义信仰现状与教育对策研究——基于河南省洛阳市三所高校的实证调查

党的十六届六中全会上明确提出要建设社会主义核心价值理论体系,其灵魂就是要坚持马克思主义的指导地位。然而,目前部分“90后”大学生在信仰方面存在着理解偏差、理性不足、宗教情结蔓延、马克思主义信仰不坚定等问题,究其原因是学习行为功利性、理论认知错位性、价值判断片面性。增强“90后”大学生的马克思主义信仰教育时效性的基本策略在于：坚持“理论性”与“现实性”互渗,更加强调“实效性”性;坚持“课内”与“课外”相统一,更加强调课外教育：坚持“传统教育手段”与“新兴教育手段”兼顾,更加突出新媒体教育;坚持学校教育、家庭教育、社会教育相结合,更加注重整合力。     

中国吸毒驾车管制问题及其对策

吸毒驾车已成为一个巨大的交通安全隐患,具有较大的社会危害性。目前,中国对于吸毒驾车的管制存在法律不完备、主体不明确、检测吸毒困难等问题。有效管制吸毒驾车,可以借鉴国外的查处方法,同时要加快立法,建立制约机制、相关数据库和预警平台,适时集中进行专项整治,推广新型吸毒检测方法。     

职务犯罪技术侦查法治程序构建

当前中国腐败现象较为严重,职务犯罪处于高发态势,犯罪手段不断升级,证据获取困难重重,这与检察机关缺乏有效的技术侦查措施有内在联系。可借鉴其他国家的合理做法,完善检察机关职务犯罪技术侦查权,并严格规定其适用范围、审批程序、执行程序和救济程序。相关程序的合理建构,有利于有效收集诉讼证据,落实刑事程序法治,顺应科技强检趋势,对接国际公约。     

Comparative Analysis of the Chemical Profiles of 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine Based on Comprehensive Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography-Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (GC × GC-TOFMS)*

Abstract: The chemical profiling of illicit drugs is an important analytical tool to support the work of investigating and law enforcement authorities. In our work, comprehensive two‐dimensional gas chromatography–time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC‐TOFMS) combined with nontargeted, pixel‐based data analysis was adapted for the chemical profiling of 3,4‐methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA). The validity and benefit of this approach was evaluated by analyzing a well‐investigated set of MDMA samples. Samples were prepared according to a harmonized extraction protocol to ensure the comparability of the chemical signatures. The nontargeted approach comprises preprocessing followed by analysis of variances as a fast filter algorithm for selection of a variable subset followed by partial least squares discriminant analysis for reduction to promising marker compounds for discrimination of the samples according to their chemical profile. Forty‐seven potential marker compounds were determined, covering most of the target impurities known from the harmonized one‐dimensional profiling as well as other compounds not previously elucidated.     

苯丙胺类兴奋剂β酮策划药代谢途径的研究进展

近年来,苯丙胺类兴奋剂的β酮(bK)策划药相继在许多国家的毒品市场中出现,由于该类物质潜在的依赖性和已经导致的死亡事件,许多国家已经将其列为管制的物质。本文介绍了通过GC/MS和LC/MS方法对苯丙胺类兴奋剂的衍生物4-甲基甲卡西酮、bk-MDMA、bk-MBDB和bk-MDEA检测的相关研究结果,以说明其主要代谢途径。以期为临床医学、法庭毒理学以及禁毒机构监控该类物质提供参考。     

Rapid in situ repeatable analysis of drugs in powder form using reflectance near-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate calibration

This study takes the first step toward in situ analysis of powder drugs which does not require any alteration of the samples. A fast, inexpensive analytical method based on reflectance near-infrared (NIR) spectrometry and multivariate calibration was applied. A diode-array fiber-optic portable spectrometer in the 900-1700 nm range was employed. Samples were laboratory-prepared ternary powders (diacetylmorphine, caffeine, and paracetamol). Partial least squares regression was applied. The choice of the standard samples for calibration and validation was performed through a D-optimal experimental design. The explained variance was higher than 90%, and the relative root mean square errors were <2%. The number of principal components (6) was very low when compared with the number of raw variables (356 absorbance values). Response plots showed slopes and intercepts were very close to optimal values. Correlation coefficients ranged between 0.909 and 0.989. The method here proposed proved to be competitive with Fourier transform NIR spectrometry.     

Alcohol and Drug Mitigation in Capital Murder Trials: Implications for Sentencing Decisions

Analyses of the impact on sentencing when alcohol and drug‐related mitigation is used in the sentencing phases of capital murder trials is virtually absent from the existing literature. The present study addresses this by exploring the effect of having mitigation with alcohol and drug themes accepted in a large sample (n = 804) of capital murder trials in North Carolina. Logistic regression analyses that include a number of relevant control variables reveal no substantive impacts of having alcohol mitigation accepted by capital murder juries, but drug mitigators that were either accepted or rejected by juries were associated with an increased risk of receiving a death sentence. Possible reasons for the results and their implications are discussed and suggestions are made for further study of the effects of alcohol/drug mitigation in capital trials.     

浅析醉酒驾驶行为的法律规制

醉酒驾驶行为的法律规制应追求自由、秩序和正义的价值,以实现对醉酒驾驶行为的遏止。但现实中,醉酒驾驶行为的法律规制因行为的多发性、饮酒的习惯性和制裁的限制性而存在一系列困境,因此在司法实践操作中,需破除对刑罚威慑作用的盲目笃信,在刑法与行政法的顺畅衔接和危险驾驶罪增设资格刑的同时,仍需社会力量的配合。     

Driving Under the Influence of Synthetic Cannabinoid Receptor Agonist XLR‐11

The case of a 22‐year‐old male Caucasian driver is presented. He was involved in a traffic collision. At the roadside, he displayed blank stare and mellow speech with a barely audible voice. A DRE found low body temperature, rigid muscle tone, normal pulse, lack of horizontal and vertical gaze nystagmus, nonconvergence of the eyes, dilated pupil size, and normal Pupillary reaction to light. A standard toxicology DUID protocol was performed on the driver's whole blood including ELISA and GC‐MS drug screens with negative results. Additional drug screening was undertaken for bath salts and synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists by LC‐MS/MS by a commercial laboratory and identified the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist XLR‐11 in the driver's blood. XLR‐11 was subsequently quantified at 1.34 ng/mL. This is the first documented case involving a driver operating a motor vehicle under the influence of the synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist XLR‐11.     

液相色谱-质谱联用同时检测17种常见毒品的定性分析方法

目的 建立同时检测17种常见毒品的液相色谱-质谱联用定性分析方法.方法 对海洛因、吗啡、冰毒、氯胺酮等17种毒品的色谱行为进行了研究,对流动相梯度程序和质谱参数进行了细致考察和优化.采用岛津Shim-pack XR-ODS（100mm×2.0mm,2.2μm）色谱柱,流动相A：0.3％甲酸;流动相B：0.3甲酸乙腈,梯度洗脱程序0min～3min～8min～15min～20min,3％B～18％B～23％B～93％B～93％B,雾化电压5kV,扫描速度3750u/sec,雾化气流量1.5L/min,干燥气流量10L/min.结果 所测17种毒品的21种组分均获得了良好的分离效果和质谱响应,scan模式下检测限（S/N≥3）1.9pg/μL～40.0pg/μL.结论 该方法快速、简便、高效,适合公安办案中对未知毒品进行定性检测.