国际金融安全观的演进与评估

国际金融安全是全球化进程中的重要安全议题,也是当前国际秩序转型期全球治理的重要议题。国际金融安全具有主客交融的属性,既涉及物质层面的客观威胁,又涉及观念层面的威胁认知。金融安全研究的三种基本逻辑是权力竞争、利益互动和安全建构。从全球金融治理的视角可以将国际金融安全观界定为核心治理主体对国际金融风险的来源和性质的认知。风险来源和风险性质是国际金融安全观的两个核心内涵,分别对全球金融治理的层级和模式产生重要影响,并由此形成了一个识别国际金融安全观的理论框架。基于这一框架,二战结束以来国际金融安全观的演进主要经历了货币体系安全观、“完美市场”安全观、微观审慎安全观和宏观审慎安全观四个阶段,它们在风险的来源与性质以及治理的层级、逻辑、模式弹性与效力等维度存在较大差异。在当前国际金融体系下,国际社会的金融安全意识在弱化,大国间的金融安全观分歧和竞争正逐渐侵蚀全球金融治理的共识基础,国际金融安全面临的不确定性风险增加。     

Understanding the drone epidemic

Drones are aircraft that have no onboard, human pilot. Through the twentieth century, piloted aircraft made far greater progress than drones. During the twenty-first century, on the other hand, changes in both drone technologies and drone economics have been much more rapid. Particularly in the case of small, inexpensive devices, the question arises as to whether existing regulatory frameworks can cope. To answer that question, it is necessary to document the nature and characteristics of drones, the dimensions across which they vary, the purposes to which they are put, and the impacts that they appear likely to have. The analysis concludes that careful consideration is needed of the adequacy of controls over the impacts of drones on two important values – public safety, and behavioural privacy.     

What drones inherit from their ancestors

Any specific technology derives attributes from the generic technologies of which it is an instance. A drone is a flying computer. It is dependent on local data communications from its onboard sensors and to its onboard effectors, and on telecommunications links over which it receives data-feeds and command-feeds from terrestrial and perhaps airborne sources and from satellites. A drone acts on the world, and is therefore a robot. The remote pilots, and the operators of drone facilities such as cameras, depend on high-tech tools that interpret data that display transmitted, enhanced and generated image and video, and that enable the composition of commands. So drone operators are already cyborgs. Many drones carry cameras and are used for surveillance. Computing, data communications, robotics, cyborgisation and surveillance offer power and possibilities, but with them come disbenefits and risks. Critical literatures exist in relation to all of those areas. An inspection of those literatures should provide insights into the limitations of drones, and the impacts and implications arising from their use.     

Research on Risks of China＇s Enterprises＇ Utilizing Foreign Direct Investment - Taking the Failure of Investment Invitation of Bearing Factory in Northwestern China as an Example

利用外资（FDI）并不总能实现理想化的互利共赢局面,这一点在学界研究中国利用外资三十多年的具体实践中已经得到印证。利用外国直接投资设立合资企业的风险表现为合资企业运营过程中特别是合资企业转变为独资企业时对中方投资主体的权益可能造成的影响。在国家进一步优化外商投资环境,吸引外资的背景下,如何维护中方投资主体在合资企业中的合法权益,是值得深入研究的问题。     

中国企业赴美并购的法律风险及其防范对策

中国企业在赴美并购过程中总存在着各种各样的法律风险。中国国有企业赴美并购时应高度重视美国的国家安全审查机制,清晰地突出国有企业的商事主体性质。而美国外资委员会引入听证会程序,应充分听取中国投资者的意见,放弃投资保护主义。中国企业要熟悉美国的公司并购规则与治理规则,明确目标公司选择符合本公司及其股东利益最大化的收购要约而并非现金出价最多的要约,是美国公司并购的常态。中美双方加快双边投资保护协定的谈判进程,就企业的国有化条款而言,应采取充分的市场化补偿标准。我国政府鼓励企业赴美并购,可将核准制改为备案制。要加快建立健全海外投资纠纷的仲裁机制,提高我国仲裁机构的国际竞争力。     

地方政府过度举债、风险累积和治理对策

当前我国地方政府出现了过度举债现象,表现出债务形式日趋复杂,规模大幅扩张,余额增速明显,结构相对失衡的特征。地方政府过度举债的原因在于分税制改革后的不配套、地方干部任命与考核制度、决策机制不完善、法制约束力不够等。地方政府过度举债特别是各级地方政府融资平台的迅速扩张势必诱发各种风险,进而阻碍地方经济发展。为此,文章针对地方政府过度举债及其风险累积,提出兼具科学性及可操作性的治理对策。     

数字贸易的“风险二重性”与规制合作

数字贸易作为一种新贸易模式,地位日趋重要,然而当前针对数字贸易的国际和国内规则呈现的仍然是差异化和碎片化的治理结构。由于数字贸易本身的"非物理化"特征,使该贸易模式蕴藏着新型风险。一方面,数字贸易涉及危害国家安全、消费者隐私泄露、网络洗钱等"原生风险";另一方面,针对以上"原生风险",国家基于网络安全、公共道德例外等实施新的规制措施,但却受缚于传统贸易下的国际法承诺,因此规制措施可能被判违反国际规则,由此形成规制的"次生风险"。关键还在于,当前WTO主要成员数字贸易规制理念和路径呈"三足鼎立"之势,对新规则制定的话语权争夺激烈,这进一步加剧潜在争端的可能。全球数字贸易良性发展更寄希望于各方化解分歧、实现双边、区域和多边的规制合作。中国政府和企业积极参与数字贸易国际规则的协调与合作,有利于中国数字经济的发展,并为其互联网法律治理提供更大的弹性空间、降低数字贸易中的国家规制风险。     

A comprehensive micro unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV/Drone) forensic framework

In the early 1990s, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) were used exclusively in military applications by various developed countries. Now with its ease of availability and affordability in the electronic device market, this aerial vehicular technology has augmented its familiarity in public and has expanded its usage to countries all over the world. However, expanded use of UAVs, colloquially known as drones, is raising understandable security concerns. With the increasing possibility of drones' misuse and their abilities to get close to critical targets, drones are prone to potentially committing crimes and, therefore, investigation of such activities is a much-needed facet. This motivated us to devise a comprehensive drone forensic framework that includes hardware/physical and digital forensics, proficient enough for the post-flight investigation of drone's activity. For hardware/physical forensics, we propose a model for investigating drone components at the crime scene. Additionally, we propose a robust digital drone forensic application with a primary focus on analyzing the essential log parameters of drones through a graphical user interface (GUI) developed using JavaFX 8.0. This application interface would allow users to extract and examine onboard flight information. It also includes a file converter created for easy and effective 3D flight trajectory visualization. We used two popular drones for conducting this research; namely, DJI Phantom 4 and Yuneec Typhoon H. The interface also provides a visual representation of the sensor recordings from which pieces of evidence could be acquired. Our research is intended to offer the forensic science community a powerful approach for investigating drone-related crimes effectively.     

从互助到保障和赔偿:船东保赔协会演变研究

船东保赔协会乃基于互助自保,由船东联盟分担航船风险的非盈利组织,经历了从一般的基尔特式的社团,到18世纪、19世纪早期的船舶保险协会,再发展为19世纪中下叶的船东互相保障与赔偿协会。船东保赔协会的发展路径受立法和船东所遭际的责任风险所影响和推动,其法律人格也经历了"合伙人说"、"个人集合说"和"法人说"。当今的船东保赔协会经营业务和服务方式发生了巨大的变化,协会之间与商业保险公司之间竞争激烈,呈现出市场化取向。     

防范电子政务的技术风险与管理误区

在电子政务的建设过程中，针对大多数国家政府已经出现的问题，我国必须注意防范电子政务的技术风险和管理误区。防范电子政务的技术风险要注意大型电子政务项目的潜在危机，要防范来自安全和隐私的技术隐患。防范电子政务的管理误区应该遵循重政务而轻“电子”、重“民本”而轻“官本”和重改革而轻改良的原则。