目前国内关于吸毒问题研究的现状综述

通过对近十年来 ( 1 994 - 2 0 0 2 )的文献检索 ,我国目前关于吸毒问题的研究 ,大致有“吸毒人群现状、毒品泛滥原因、毒品的危害性、吸毒的心理社会干预”等 ,能够结合我国禁毒工作的实际需要开展研究 ,起到了积极的提供决策参考和禁毒宣传作用 ;同时也存在重现状原因分析 ,轻心理社会干预研究 ,实证性、理论性研究少 ,研究方法陈旧落后等不足 ,建议毒品问题研究需改进。     

Ethnicity and conflict severity: accounting for the effect of co-ethnic and non-ethnic militias on battlefield lethality

How does the presence of armed pro-regime groups affect conflict lethality? This study examines the relationship between ethnicity, militia violence and conflict lethality in civil wars. We emphasise that differences in whether pro-regime militias were recruited in accordance with their ethnicity or not are critical in their influence upon conflict lethality, which we estimate in battlefield deaths. To that end, we categorise militias into groups recruited on their ethnic basis (co-ethnic militias) and those recruited regardless of their ethnicity (non-ethnic militias). We hypothesise that conflicts are more lethal when non-ethnic militias are involved. We link higher number of battle-deaths in conflicts with non-ethnic militias with the militia use of one-sided violence against civilians. Co-ethnic militias – that is militias recruited from the same ethnicity as rebels – are deployed amongst their co-ethnics and therefore tend to target civilians less than non-ethnic militias. This militia–civilian relationship has direct impact on conflict severity. To test our hypotheses we conduct global statistical analysis of 84 intrastate conflicts from 1989 to 2014.     

Unusual Elevator-Related Deaths: A Report of Two Cases

We present two cases of elevator-related deaths that occurred in two different elevators, and deaths were caused by a similar, but unusual, mechanism. An elevator is a platform or compartment housed in a shaft for raising and lowering people or things to different levels. Elevator-related deaths and injuries are rarely reported in the literature. In most of these cases, cause of death was attributed to falls. It seems that most of the elevator accidents may be attributed to factors related to device maintenance inadequacies or even to device malfunctioning. In our cases, both elevator cars were not equipped with full-length inner doors, thus allowing both accidents to occur. Since 2014, the European Union adopted a relative directive, which imposes the need to equip all elevators with such full-length doors. The enforcement of the above-mentioned EU Directive is crucial, in order to prevent similar accidents in the future.     

高等院校应强化毒品预防教育

随着毒品问题日益严重 ,受毒品侵蚀的阶层日益广泛 ,各级政府在对中、小学生的毒品预防教育中倾注了大量的精力 ,而作为培养高级人才的大专院校 ,在毒品相关知识的宣传教育方面 ,从深度、广度到力度都存在严重不足。因此 ,探讨如何在高等院校开展相关知识的宣传 ,以及在大学生中进行反毒、防毒教育的措施和方法 ,是具有非常现实的意义的     

“金三角”地区毒品形势系列调查报告（五）——云南省打击“金三角”毒品走私的基本经验

多年来,云南省打击"金三角"地区毒品走私,遏制毒源的基本经验主要有四个方面:一是以根除毒源为战略突破口,遏制"金三角"毒品生产,整体推进禁毒人民战争;二是以堵源截流为重点,遏制"金三角"毒品渗透,重点推进禁毒人民战争;三是以禁吸戒毒为着力点,遏制"金三角"毒品消费市场,全力推进禁毒人民战争;四是以预防教育为本,遏制"金三角"毒品的危害,全面推进禁毒人民战争。     

贵阳地区208起重特大毒品案件综析

根据对贵阳地区208起重特大毒品案件综析,运毒的方法有空运、火车运毒、汽车运毒。当前,必须高度重视毒品犯罪中的农民、劳改释放和解教人员等。在打击毒品犯罪中应集中统一行动和片区行动相结合,专业队伍和其它警种相结合,专案侦查与基础工作相结合。     

云南新型毒品滥用群体朋辈行为因素实证分析

新型毒品滥用群体朋辈的日常行为从总体上而言,偏常是较为明显的,有三类滥用新型毒品群体与日常行为指标不同而呈现出不同的特征。一是"h igh"妹朋辈群体大部分指标值高于公司职员朋辈群体,在"与人发生非婚性关系"上,甚至高于无业者群体朋辈;二是公司职员朋辈群体整体指标平均值最低,接近于正常水平,但在"喝酒"指标上赋值最高。三是无业者朋辈群体偏常行为最为明显,在"偷盗"、"抽烟"、"打架斗殴"、"谈论过自杀"、"尝试过自杀"几个指标上赋值最高;因此,要加强对上述三类群体接触新型毒品的预防教育。     

“金三角”地区毒品形势系列调查报告——老挝北部地区毒品对我渗透形势的调查

2007年1月18日至20日,国家社科项目"‘金三角’地区毒品对我渗透形势的新变化及应对策略研究"课题组赴老挝北部与我国边境一带进行了毒情调研。由于中国与老挝近年来多次联合开展扫毒行动,大力发展替代种植,取得显著成效,老挝北部地区毒品对我渗透形势已经发生根本改变。     

Does incarceration-based drug treatment reduce recidivism? A meta-analytic synthesis of the research

This research synthesized results from 66 published and unpublished evaluations of incarceration-based drug treatment programs using meta-analysis. Incarceration-based drug treatment programs fell into five types: therapeutic communities (TCs), residential substance abuse treatment (RSAT), group counseling, boot camps specifically for drug offenders, and narcotic maintenance programs. We examined the effectiveness of each of these types of interventions in reducing post-release offending and drug use, and we also examined whether differences in research findings can be explained by variations in methodology, sample, or program features. Our results consistently found support for the effectiveness of TC programs on both outcome measures, and this finding was robust to variations in method, sample, and program features. We also found support for the effectiveness of RSAT and group counseling programs in reducing re-offending, but these programs’ effects on drug use were ambiguous. A limited number of evaluations assessed narcotic maintenance or boot camp programs; however, the existing evaluations found mixed support for maintenance programs and no support for boot camps.     

紫外导数光谱法与吸收光谱法的比较

作者通过导数光谱法与吸收光谱法的对比实验,归纳出导数光谱法不但具有吸收光谱法的一般优点,还具有以下特点;(1)高分辨率和灵敏度;(2)定性准确;(3)能精确测定λmax和“肩”峰的波长;(4)能消除背景干扰;(5)能分析混和样品。