混合型监管：政策工具视野下的中国药品安全监管

在当代中国,社会性监管正在被越来越多地运用到公共卫生、生产安全和环境保护等公共治理过程.以药品安全监管为个案,结合西方社会性监管的有关理论,从建章立制、设立标准、建立奖惩机制以及优化执行系统四个政策工具角度,对当代中国药品安全监管的政策过程进行分析,结果表明,由于受到社会治理模式转型的影响,中国药品安全监管模式可以被界定为"混合型监管".一方面,中国的药品安全监管政策在形式上已经具有了一些现代监管型政府的特点,例如建章立制、设立标准,并综合运用经济、法律和行政等手段;另一方面,却在许多方面仍然带有许多前监管型政府特征,而这些特征大都是计划经济时代的产物.虽然监管型政府正在逐渐取代全能型政府而成为未来中国政府可能的治理模式,但是从政策分析的角度来看,监管型政府的建设在中国并不是一蹴而就的.建设一个高效的现代监管型政府,仍然是市场经济时代下中国国家政权建设过程中的重要目标.     

“金三角“地区毒品形势系列调查报告(一)——临沧、德宏境外毒品对我渗透形势的调查

开展对“金三角”地区毒品新形势的调查研究是我国特别是我省调整禁毒策略和措施的重要基础工作。本文仅就“金三角”地区毒品对我渗透形势新变化的战略意义和临沧与德宏境外种毒、制毒以及贩毒势力对我渗透形势新变化的调查结果这两个问题分析阐述。     

贩卖毒品罪的本质

贩卖毒品罪的本质可以从形式层面揭示,也可以从实质层面剖析。我国刑法一般从形式上界定,而德日刑法则通常从实质上分析。关于贩卖毒品罪的本质,德国理论界有两种主要的学说。一是以法益一元论为基础的贩卖毒品罪本质观,二是以法益二元论为基础的贩卖毒品罪本质观。前者侧重于刑罚权的限制和人权的尊重,后者则重视社会秩序的维持。借鉴国外理论,我国刑法中贩卖毒品罪的本质应该界定为对于不特定多数人生命、健康的危险,即对人民健康的侵害,该危险是一种抽象危险。     

娱乐场所毒品犯罪的侦查方略

娱乐场所以其人员的流动性、环境的复杂性成为新的毒品犯罪相对集中的地方。应采取灵活多变的侦查方式,加强对该场所毒品犯罪的查缉力度。     

消化道藏毒的检验与鉴定3例

贩毒人员利用消化道藏毒,毒品极易在消化道内破裂,导致贩运毒品的人死亡。对于从边境地区进入内地、在长途卧铺车、旅社、宾馆等地死亡,且尸表无明显机械性损伤的人员,应特别注意,这些人极有可能是人体藏毒群体。     

零星贩毒案件“情节严重”的认定与庭审量刑意见

司法机关在结合当前开展的量刑纳入法庭审理程序试点工作中，如何将零星贩毒案件“情节严重”的认定与量刑给予明确的法律规定或司法解释，建议针对零星贩毒者打击不力的现状，确实贯彻宽严相济的刑事司法政策，从而更加准确、有效地打击毒品犯罪，就成了公诉和审判实务中的一个新课题。     

大学生非正常死亡问题研究及对策——以广州大学城为例

近年来,大学生非正常死亡事件有上升的趋势,广州大学城作为一个大学集聚地,形势也不容乐观。根据相关的调查分析,大学生非正常死亡的类型多以心理问题和意外伤害为主。应该说各高校在应对这一现象中摸索出了很多成功的经验,但是在全面防控体系的构建、如何在事件处置中理顺法与情的关系、制度的执行力度等方面仍然存在不足。针对存在的问题,大学生非正常死亡的危机预案及实施机制需要进行针对性的改善和提高。     

An Evaluation of Childhood Deaths in Turkey Due to Yellow Phosphorus in Firecrackers

Yellow phosphorus (YP) is a powerful protoplasmic poison used in the manufacturing of matches, pest poisons, firecrackers, firework cracker, lights for watches, military ammunition, and agriculture fertilizer. YP is extremely flammable and toxic and easily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract. In this study, we examined childhood deaths from 1997 to 2012 resulting from the ingestion of firecrackers. The patients ranged from 2 to 15 years of age and were admitted to the hospital with a variety of symptoms. Those that presented with nausea, vomiting, and hypotension rapidly deteriorated and entered a coma. An autopsy was performed in all but one of the 16 cases reviewed. Macroscopically, the livers had a yellowish discoloration with petechial bleeding. Histopathologic examination revealed acute toxic hepatitis. In conclusion, these firecrackers are found in corner shops throughout Turkey, may cause death in children with little warning, and should be banned to prevent further deaths.     

Characteristic Features of Hanging: A Study in Rural District of Central India

The ligature mark is the most relevant feature of hanging. This study was undertaken with a view to determine the characteristic features of hanging and its association with ligature material or mode of suspension. Of a total medicolegal deaths reported at an Apex Medical Centre, hanging was noted in 4.1% cases, all suicidal with mortality rate of 1.5 per 100,000 population per year. The hanging was complete in 67.7% with nylon rope as the commonest type of ligature material used for ligation. The hanging mark was usually single, situated above thyroid cartilage, incomplete, prominent, and directed toward nape of neck. The mark of dribbling of saliva was seen in 11.8% cases. Facial congestion, petechial hemorrhage, and cyanosis were significantly seen in partial hanging. Though occasionally reported, the argent line was noted in 78.7% hanging deaths with neck muscle hemorrhage in 23.6% cases. Fracture of neck structure was predominant in complete hanging.     

两种方法测定山豆根总碱含量的研究

目的：比较山豆根总碱两种含量测定方法，为山豆根提取工艺优选提供。方法：采用容量法和酸性染料比色法。结果：两种方法结果基本一致。结论：可任选一种方法进行山豆根提取工艺研究。